Ambientes construído e social e excesso de peso em adultos brasileiros de uma cidade de médio porte: Projeto CUME

Domingos, Ana Luiza Gomes; Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana Miranda; Mendes, Larissa Loures; Oliveira, Fernando Luiz Pereira de; Oliveira, Anderson Castro Soares de; Pimenta, Adriano Marçal; Bressan, Josefina

doi:10.1590/1413-81232022272.02422021

Ana Luiza Gomes Domingos

Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Campus Universitário, s/n. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil. algdomingos@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7010-0574

Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff

Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Campus Universitário, s/n. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil. algdomingos@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-6572

Larissa Loures Mendes

Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-6845

Fernando Luiz Pereira de Oliveira

Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Ouro Preto MG Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-3339

Anderson Castro Soares de Oliveira

Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Ouro Preto MG Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6222-9300

Adriano Marçal Pimenta

Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-7575

Josefina Bressan

Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Campus Universitário, s/n. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil. algdomingos@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-9436

Collaborations

ALG Domingos worked on research design, data analysis, and final drafting. HHM Hermsdorff worked on research design and critically reviewed the work. LL Mendes worked on research design, data analysis, and critically reviewed the work. FLP Oliveira worked on research design, data analysis, and critically reviewed the work. ACS Oliveira worked on data analysis and critically reviewed the work. AM Pimenta worked on research design and critically reviewed the work. J Bressan worked on research design, data analysis, and critically reviewed the work.

Chief editors:

Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva

Characteristic	Normal weight n (%)	Overweight n (%)	Total n (%)	p-value
Sex (n = 289)				< 0.001
Female	147 (76.6)	44 (45.4)	191 (66.1)
Male	45 (23.4)	53 (54.6)	98 (33.9)
Age, years (n = 289)				< 0.001
20-29	92 (47.9)	27 (27.8)	119 (41.2)
30-39	76 (39.6)	40 (41.2)	116 (40.1)
40-49	20 (10.4)	25 (25.8)	45 (15.6)
50-65	4 (2.1)	5 (5.2)	9 (3.1)
Individual income^a, times the minimum wage (n = 212)				0.127
< 5	108 (76.1)	44 (62.9)	152 (71.7)
≥ 5 to < 10	25 (17.6)	20 (28.6)	45 (21.2)
≥ 10	9 (6.3)	6 (8.6)	15 (7.1)
Marital status (n = 289)				0.127
Legally married/Stable union/Other	75 (39.1)	47 (48.5)	122 (42.2)
Single/Separated/Divorced	117 (60.9)	50 (51.5)	167 (57.8)
Household size (n = 289)				0.749
1 person	31 (16.1)	15 (15.5)	46 (15.9)
2-4 people	148 (77.1)	73 (75.3)	221 (76.5)
≥ 5 people	13 (6.8)	9 (9.3)	22 (7.6)
Level of education (n = 289)				0.888
Bachelor’s degree	49 (25.5)	22 (22.7)	71 (24.6)
Specialization degree	19 (9.9)	8 (8.2)	27 (9.3)
Master’s degree	85 (44.3)	45 (46.4)	130 (45.0)
Doctorate/post-doctorate	39 (20.3)	22 (22.7)	61 (21.1)
Professional situation (n = 289)				0.113
Full time/part time/informal	94 (49.0)	59 (60.8)	153 (52.9)
Student	90 (46.9)	33 (34.0)	123 (42.6)
Retired/unemployed	8 (4.2)	5 (5.2)	13 (4.5)
Smoking habit (n = 288)				0.110
Current smoker	12 (6.3)	13 (13.5)	25 (8.7)
Binge drinking (n = 288)				0.156
Yes	87 (45.3)	52 (54.2)	139 (48.3)
Self-reported health status (n=266)				< 0.001
Very good/good	167 (94.4)	70 (78.7)	237 (89.1)
Physical activity (n = 288)				0.932
Active	117 (60.9)	59 (61.5)	176 (61.1)
Family history of obesity (n = 266)				0.536
Yes	55 (31.1)	31 (34.8)	86 (32.3)

	Normal weight (n = 192)	Overweight (n = 97)	Total (n = 289)	p-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Gyms/studios	1.80 ± 1.74	1.20 ± 1.42	1.60 ± 1.67	0.002
Bank branches	0.31 ± 0.93	0.21 ± 0.82	0.27 ± 0.90	0.368
Clubs	0.20 ± 0.49	0.33 ± 0.64	0.24 ± 0.55	0.077
Total commercial physical activity Establishments	2.0 ± 1.84	1.53 ± 1.56	1.84 ± 1.76	0.031
Churches and religious temples	1.27 ± 1.27	1.19 ± 1.40	1.24 ± 1.31	0.605
Hospitals and primary health units	0.27 ± 0.58	0.33 ± 0.59	0.29 ± 0.58	0.421
Ice cream parlors	1.26 ± 2.23	0.74 ± 1.78	1.09 ± 2.10	0.003
Farmers market	0.10 ± 0.34	0.05 ± 0.22	0.08 ± 0.31	0.161
Places that sell products in bulk and dairy products	0.42 ± 0.84	0.29 ± 0.81	0.38 ± 0.83	0.202
Greengrocery	0.56 ± 0.84	0.40 ± 0.64	0.51 ± 0.78	0.160
Supermarkets	0.46 ± 0.94	0.31 ± 0.82	0.41 ± 0.90	0.167
Bakeries	1.17 ± 1.57	0.74 ± 1.14	1.02 ± 1.45	0.010
Grocery store	1.57 ± 1.55	1.52 ± 1.69	1.55 ± 1.60	0.794
Butchery and fish market	1.58 ± 2.25	1.04 ± 1.79	1.40 ± 2.12	0.029
Bars and Restaurants	11.31 ± 13.91	7.14 ± 10.69	9.91 ± 13.05	0.005
Total food establishments	22.27 ± 22.97	15.48 ± 18.23	19.99 ± 21.70	0.007
Food establishments by category
Natural or minimally processed	2.23 ± 2.87	1.49 ± 2.25	1.98 ± 2.70	0.017
Mixed	7.65 ± 8.25	5.05 ± 6.37	6.78 ± 7.76	0.003
Ultra-processed	8.73 ± 10.99	5.93 ± 8.95	7.79 ± 10.42	0.021
Total criminal occurrences	55.99 ± 54.90	40.0 ± 45.91	50.66 ± 52.52	0.010
Crimes against sexual dignity	0.29 ± 0.57	0.23 ± 0.49	0.27 ± 0.54	0.344
Crimes against people	0.53 ± 0.88	0.60 ± 1.05	0.55 ± 0.94	0.571
Property crimes	11.06 ± 9.56	8.38 ± 8,57	10.16 ± 9.31	0.021

	Normal weight (n = 100); n (%)	Overweight (n = 38); n (%)	Total (n = 138); n (%)	p-value
Squares				0.038
> 10 min^*	31 (31.0)	19 (50.0)	50 (36.2)
Parks				0.736
> 10 min	79 (79.0)	31 (81.6)	110 (79.7)
Places for a walk				0.021
> 10 min	52 (52.0)	28 (73.7)	80 (58.0)
Open public spaces				0.008
> 10 min	16 (16.0)	14.0 (36.8)	30 (21.7)
Gyms				0.588
> 10 min	14 (14.0)	4 (10.5)	18 (13.0)
Clubs				0.040
> 10 min	59 (59.0)	15 (39.5)	74 (53.6)
Sports courts				0.754
> 10 min	66 (66.0)	24 (63.2)	90 (65.2)
Soccer fields				0.008
> 10 min	76 (76.0)	20 (52.6)	96 (69.6)
Commercial PA establishments				0.984
> 10 min	8 (8.0)	3 (7.9)	11 (8.0)
Pharmacy				0.343
> 10 min	10 (10.0)	6 (15.8)	16 (11.6)
Hospitals and primary health units				0.614
> 10 min	40 (40.0)	17 (44.7)	57 (41.3)
Mini-markets				0.415
> 10 min	16 (16.0)	4 (10.5)	20 (14.5)
Supermarket				0.548
> 10 min	34 (34.0)	15 (39.5)	49 (35.5)
Churches or religious temples				0.552
> 10 min	29 (29.0)	13 (34.2)	42 (30.4)
Bus stop				0.125
> 10 min	1 (1.0)	2 (5.3)	3 (2.2)
Farmers Market				0.927
> 10 min	64 (64.0)	24 (63.2)	88 (63.8)
Bank branches				0.211
> 10 min	54 (54.0)	25 (65.8)	79 (57.2)
Bars				0.853
> 10 min	12 (12.0)	5 (13.2)	17 (12.3)
Bakeries				0.354
> 10 min	8 (8.0)	5 (13.2)	13 (9.4)
Facilities/conveniences score**				0.760
< 11	45 (45.0)	16 (42.1)	61 (44.2)
Social cohesion score**				0.144
< 13	44 (44.0)	22 (58.9)	66 (47.8)
≥ 13	56 (56.0)	16 (42.1)	72 (52.2)
Walking environment score**				0.226
< 31	51.0 (51.0)	15 (39.5)	66 (47.8)
≥ 31	49.0 (49.0)	23 (60.5)	72 (52.2)
Availability of healthy foods score**				0.703
< 6.5	51 (51.0)	18 (47.4)	69 (50.0)
≥ 6.5	49 (49.0)	20 (52.6)	69 (50.0)
Safety score**				0.924
< 9	43 (43.0)	16 (42.1)	59 (42.8)
≥ 9	57 (57.0)	22 (57.9)	79 (57.2)
Perceived violence score**				0.761
< 17	37 (37.0)	13 (34.2)	50 (36.2)
≥ 17	63 (63.0)	25 (65.8)	88 (63.8)
Personal victimization**				0.226
Yes	24 (24.0)	13 (34.2)	37 (26.8)

[1] Collaborations

ALG Domingos worked on research design, data analysis, and final drafting. HHM Hermsdorff worked on research design and critically reviewed the work. LL Mendes worked on research design, data analysis, and critically reviewed the work. FLP Oliveira worked on research design, data analysis, and critically reviewed the work. ACS Oliveira worked on data analysis and critically reviewed the work. AM Pimenta worked on research design and critically reviewed the work. J Bressan worked on research design, data analysis, and critically reviewed the work.

Brasil

Brasil

Ambientes construído e social e excesso de peso em adultos brasileiros de uma cidade de médio porte: Projeto CUME

Resumo