Influence of socioeconomic status, age, body fat, and depressive symptoms on evel of physical activity in adults: a path analysis

Martins, Tatiana Carvalho Reis; Pinho, Lucinéia de; Brito, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo; Pena, Geórgia das Graças; Silva, Rosângela Ramos Veloso; Guimarães, André Luiz Sena; Silveira, Marise Fagundes; Rodrigues Neto, João Felício

doi:10.1590/1413-812320202510.24742018

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (10) • Oct 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202510.24742018 copy

Influence of socioeconomic status, age, body fat, and depressive symptoms on evel of physical activity in adults: a path analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Physical activity is a complex behavior influenced by sociodemographic and clinical factors. A better understanding of the relationships between these factors is essential to better understanding their influence on physical activity. The objective of this study was to examine the association between socioeconomic status, age, body fat, and depressive symptoms and level of physical activity among adults. We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with 808 individuals to examine the interrelations between the above factors and their influence on level of physical activity using path analysis. Age had a significant direct negative effect on level of physical activity (β = -0.113, p < 0.004) and a significant positive effect on body fat (β = 0.376, p < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were negatively influenced by socioeconomic status (β = -0.126, p < 0.001) and positively influenced by age (β = 0.244, p < 0.001) and body fat (β = 0.169; p < 0.004). Socioeconomic status, body fat and depressive symptoms did not directly influence level of physical activity. This study concludes that level of physical activity declines with advancing age.

Key words
Physical activity; Adiposity; Depressive symptoms; Socioeconomic status

Variable	n	Mean (SD)	Median	Minimum	Maximum	Skewness	Kurtosis
Age (years)	808	44.2 (17.8)	42.0	18.0	99.0	0.44	-0.61
Body fat (%)	718	27.4 (8.8)	27.4	3.0	50.0	-0.24	-0.16
Depressive symptoms	808	6.8 (6.4)	5.0	0	38.0	1.50	2.49
Socioeconomic status	808	18.1 (5.8)	17.0	6.0	42.0	1.03	1.40
Total PA	808	938.5 (5.8)	560	0	6960.0	2.06	4.83

Effects	Standardized Coefficient	p-value
Level of PA ← Socioeconomic status
Direct	-0.020	>0.050
Depressive symptoms path	0.003	>0.050
Level of PA ←Age
Direct	-0.113	0.004
Depressive symptoms path	-0.006	>0.050
Body fat path	-0.007	>0.050
Level of PA ← Body fat
Direct	-0.019	>0.050
Depressive symptoms path	-0.004	>0.050
Level of PA ← Depressive symptoms
Direct	-0.024	>0.050
Body fat ← Age
Direct	0.376	<0.001
Depressive symptoms ← Age
Direct	0.244	<0.001
Depressive symptoms ← Body fat
Direct	0.169	<0.001
Depressive symptoms ← Socioeconomic status
Direct	-0.126	<0.001

Effects	Standardized Coefficient	Proportion of direct and indirect effect
Level of PA ← age
Total	-0.126
Direct	-0.113	89.7
Depressive symptoms path	-0.006	4.8
Body fat path	-0.007	5.5

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E-mail: cienciasaudecoletiva@fiocruz.br

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[1] Collaborations

JF Rodrigues Neto and ALS Guimarães participated in study conception; JF Rodrigues Neto, ALS Guimarães, TCR Martins, GG Pena and RRV Silva developed the study; JF Rodrigues Neto, TCR Martins, GG Pena, RRV, L Pinho, MFSF Brito and MF Silveira participated in data analysis and interpretation and in drafting the article. All authors critically revised the final version of the article.