Violence against women: what happens when the Women’s Protection Police Station is closed?

Machado, Dinair Ferreira; Almeida, Margareth Aparecida Santini de; Dias, Adriano; Bernardes, João Marcos; Castanheira, Elen Rose Lodeiro

doi:10.1590/1413-81232020252.14092018

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 25 (2) • Feb 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020252.14092018 copy

Violence against women: what happens when the Women’s Protection Police Station is closed?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The study analyzes the differences among cases of violence against women registered in police reports (PR) at the Women’s Protection Police Station (WPPS) during regular working hours, and those registered during after-hours, in a medium-sized city in the inland state of São Paulo, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from PRs registered for one year (2013/2014). PRs were differentiated by period of registration, at regular working hours and after-hours (dependent variable). A chi-square test was used to compare groups. In total, 440 PRs were registered, 373 during regular working hours, and 67 during after-hours. Cases of violence registered during after-hours evidenced more significant threats to women’s integrity, as shown by the higher number of cases of perpetrators’ flagrante delicto, requests for protective measures and greater severity of assaults, such as bruises, need for hospitalization and referral to forensic medicine (IML), which characterize the greater severity of occurrences when WPPS are closed. Thus, women lack a specialized reception service and a full guarantee of rights in periods of highest risk and vulnerability.

Key words
Violence against women; Criminal justice; Public health

	Regular working hours		After-hours		p-value
	N	%	N	%	p-value
Schooling
Higher education	26	8.1	3	5.3	0.783^* * Chi-square test. a and b: percentages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly at the 5% level by the Bonferroni corrected Z-test.
Secondary school	131	41	25	43.8
Elementary school	158	49.5	28	49
Incomplete elementary school	2	0.7	1	1.9
Illiterate	2	0.7	0	0
Children
No	229	61.4	34	50.7	0.101^* * Chi-square test. a and b: percentages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly at the 5% level by the Bonferroni corrected Z-test.
Yes	144	38.6	33	49.3
Skin color
White	293	80.9_a	52	83.9_a	<0.001^* * Chi-square test. a and b: percentages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly at the 5% level by the Bonferroni corrected Z-test.
Brown	62	17.2_a	3	4.8_b
Black	7	1.9_a	7	11.3_b
Marital status
Married	88	25	11	18.60	0.035^* * Chi-square test. a and b: percentages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly at the 5% level by the Bonferroni corrected Z-test.
Divorced	48	13.60	5	8.50
Single	216	61.40	42	71.20
Widow	0	0_a	1	1.7_b
	(mean)	(standard deviation)	(mean)	(standard deviation)
Age	32.5	8.7	31.4	7.8	0.344^† † Student t-test.
Years living with the perpetrator	7.5	6.4	6.1	5.8	0.174^† † Student t-test.

	Regular working hours		After-hours		p-value^* * Chi-square test. a and b: percentages followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ significantly at the 5% level by the Bonferroni corrected Z-test.
	n	%	N	%
Month of the occurrence
April 2013	39	10.5_a	7	10.4_a
May	30	8_a	9	13.4_a
June	31	8.3_a	9	13.4_a
July	11	2.9_a	8	11.9_b	<0.001
August	41	11_a	6	9_a
September	32	8.7_a	7	10.4_a
October	30	8_a	6	9_a
November	31	8.3_a	3	4.6_a
December	28	7.5_a	12	17.9_b
January 2014	35	9.4_a	0	0_b
February	28	7.5_a	0	0_b
March	37	9.9_a	0	0_b
Performed over the weekend
No	211	56.6_a	19	28.4_b	<0.001
Yes	162	43.4_a	48	71.6_b	<0.001
Flagrante delicto
No	365	98.9_a	55	84.6_b	<0.001
Yes	4	1.1_a	10	15.4_b	<0.001
Request for urgent protective measures
No	157	47.3_a	22	37.9_a	0.003
Yes	55	16.6_a	17	29.3_b
Perpetrator caught in the act	2	0.6_a	3	5.2_b
Did not wish	118	35.5_a	16	27.6_a
Place of occurrence
Home	306	82.90	57	85.10	0.636
Public environment	49	13.30	9	13.40
Work	14	3.80	1	1.50
Escorted to the police station
Alone	236	88.1_a	24	46.1_b	<0.001
Relatives	19	7.1_a	6	11.5_a
Municipal guard	11	4.1_a	11	21.2_b
Other municipal services	2	0.7_a	11	21.2_b
Referred to the IML
No	273	76_a	32	50_b	<0.001
Yes	86	24_a	32	50_b	<0.001
Visible bruises
No	300	80.4_a	45	67.2_b	0.015
Yes	73	19.6_a	22	32.8_b	0.015
Requiring hospitalization
No	371	99.5_a	61	91_b	<0.001
Yes	2	0.5_a	6	9_b	<0.001
Domestic violence
No	307	82.3_a	34	50.7_b	<0.001
Yes	66	17.7_a	33	49.3_b	<0.001
Psychological violence
No	372	99.70	67	100	0.671
Yes	1	0.30	0	0	0.671
Threat
No	143	38.3_a	36	53.7_b	0.018
Yes	230	61.7_a	31	46.3_b	0.018
Property damage
No	364	97.60	65	97	0.782
Yes	9	2.40	2	3	0.782
Sexual violence
No	372	99.70	67	100	0.671
Yes	1	0.30	0	0	0.671
Bodily injury
No	270	72.4_a	28	41.8_b	<0.001
Yes	103	27.6_a	39	58.2_b	<0.001
Abuse
No	326	87.40	60	89.60	0.621
Yes	47	12.60	7	10.40	0.621

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[1] Collaborations

DF Machado: paper design, literature review, final drafting of the text. MAS Almeida and ERL Castanheira: critical review of the text. JM Bernardes and A Dias: data analysis.