The impacts of violence among women in intimate relationships: an integrative literature review

Mota, Fabiana Lobo; Almeida, Margareth Aparecida Santini de; Machado, Dinair Ferreira

doi:10.1590/1413-81232024292.03232023EN

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ARTICLE REVIEW • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 29 (2) • Feb 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024292.03232023EN copy

The impacts of violence among women in intimate relationships: an integrative literature review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim is to identify cultural, social and health impacts caused by intimate partner violence (IPV) in homoaffective (MOH) and biaffective (MOB) women. This is an integrative literature review that sought and analyzed studies indexed in the PubMed and Lilacs databases, considering the following languages. The study sought to answer the following research question: “What impacts does IPV bring to MOB and MOH?”. Forty two studies were found and after applying the exclusion criteria, 19 went into the final sample. Data were analyzed using the content analysis methodology, Bardin’s thematic analysis modality (2009). The full analysis of the articles revealed two categories: 1) Intimate partner violence and sociocultural impacts; and 2) Intimate partner violence and health impacts. The experience of situations of violence in intimate partnerships between homo and/or biaffective women affect their sociocultural and health dimensions, since they are under the bias of double vulnerability: women in homo/biaffective relationships. There is also an invisibility of the phenomenon in health services, since professionals are not trained to address the different sexual orientations among women and even less the situations of violence resulting from these relationships.

Key words:
Violence against women; Sexual and gender minorities; IPV; Female homosexuals

Article	Journal/Year/Country/ Base-Code Category	Title	Author/ Study Type	Objectives	Results
IMPACSo
1	Psychology of violence/2020/USA PubMed/IMPACSo1	Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence by Sexual Orientation, United States	Chen et al.¹²12 Chen J, Walters ML, Gilbert LK, Patel N. Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence by Sexual Orientation, United States. Psychol Violence 2020; 10(1):110-119./ Quantitative	Report prevalence estimates of various forms of adult violence victimization by sexual orientation	LGB individuals experience a higher prevalence of various forms of violence compared to heterosexual individuals.
2	Perspect Sex Reprod Health/2020/USA PubMed/IMPACSo2	Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Young Adult Sexual Minorities in a Nationally Representative US Sample	Swiatlo et al.¹³13 Swiatlo AD, Kahn NF, Halpern CT. Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Young Adult Sexual Minorities. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2020; 52(2):97-105./ Cohort	Address the limitations for generating estimates of victimization and perpetration in a sample of young adults	Men and women who identify as heterosexual (or bisexual among men) are more likely to be victimized and perpetrated by some forms of IPV.
3	Psychol Violence/2017/USA PubMed/IMPACSo3	Empirical Investigation of a Model of Sexual Minority Specific and General Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence among Lesbian Women.	Lewis et al.¹⁴14 Lewis RJ, Mason TB, Winstead BA, Kelley ML. Empirical Investigation of a Model of Sexual Minority Specific and General Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence among Lesbian Women. Psychol Violence 2017; 7(1):110-119./ Qualitative	Test conceptual model of sexual minority-specific and general risk factors for intimate partner violence among lesbian women partners	It showed good fit and significant links from sexual minority discrimination to internalized homophobia and anger, from internalized homophobia to anger and alcohol problems, and from alcohol problems to intimate partner violence.
4	Revista Saúde Pública/2017/Brazil PubMed/IMPACSo4	Intimate partner violence and incidence of common mental disorder	Mendonça and Ludermir¹⁵15 Mendonça MFS, Ludermir AB. Intimate partner violence and incidence of common mental disorder. Rev Saude Publica 2017; 51:32./ Prospective Cohort	Investigate the association of intimate partner violence against women with the incidence of common mental disorders.	Intimate partner violence is associated with the incidence of common mental disorders in women.
5	Social Psychology/2022/Brazil Lilacs/IMPACSo5	Violência por Parceiro Íntimo Lésbico e Apoio Social Percebido	Furukawa et al.¹⁶16 Furukawa LYA, Pessoa ASG, Komatsu AV. Lesbian intimate partner violence and perceived social support. Paideia (Ribeirão Preto) 2022; 32:e3206./ Quantitative Study	To characterize the manifestation of violence in homosexual relationships among women from its typology and frequency and to analyze the associations between violence and social support.	Four significantly different classes of patterns of experienced violence and perceived social support were identified
IMPACult
6	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health/2021/USA PubMed/IMPACult1	Perceptions of Psychological Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Sexual Minority Stigma and Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence among Bisexual and Lesbian Women	Islam¹⁷17 Islam S. Perceptions of Psychological Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Sexual Minority Stigma and Childhood Exposure to Domestic Violence among Bisexual and Lesbian Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(10):5356./ Crosscutting qualitative	Examine perceptions of psychological IPV, sexual minority stigma, and childhood exposure to domestic violence	No significant relationships were found between perceived stigma and perceptions of IPV in either group. No moderation effect was detected for childhood exposure to domestic violence
7	Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem /2020/Brazil PubMed/IMPACult2	Gender violence against woman nursing students: a cross-sectional study.	Silva et al.¹⁸18 Silva LCPD, Hino P, Oliveira RNG, Fernandes H. Gender violence against woman nursing students: a cross-sectional study. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 74(5):e20200539./ Descriptive-exploratory	To identify the profile of nursing students who have experienced gender-based violence	Most of the women surveyed had experienced some form of gender-based violence. Students with sexual orientation other than heterosexual were more vulnerable
8	Revista Saúde Pública/2017/Brazil PubMed/IMPACult3	Violence against women, Espírito Santo, Brazil	Leite et al.¹⁹19 Leite FMC, Amorim MHC, Wehrmeister FC, Gigante DP. Violência contra a mulher, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Rev Saude Publica 2017; 51:33./ Quantitative	To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with psychological, physical, and sexual violence in women victims of intimate partner violence seen in primary care facilities.	Higher prevalence of psychological violence among women users of primary care services, followed by physical and sexual violence.
9	Journal of women’s health/2014/USA PubMed/IMPACult4	The role of Violence Against Women Act in addressing intimate partner violence: a public health issue.	Modi et al.²⁰20 Modi MN, Palmer S, Armstrong A. The role of Violence Against Women Act in addressing intimate partner violence: a public health issue. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2014; 23(3):253-259./ Literature review	Examine the role of legislation in not addressing IPV in America’s immigrant population	The U.S. legislation creates IPV protection services, which were not accessed because of denial of services due to sexual orientation and gender identity.
IMPACsau
10	Journal of interpersonal violence/2021/USA PubMed/IMPACSau1	Trauma-Informed Care and Health Among LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence Survivors.	Scheer and Poteat²¹21 Scheer JR, Poteat VP. Trauma-Informed Care and Health Among LGBTQ Intimate Partner Violence Survivors. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36(13-14):6670-6692./ Qualitative	Identify to what extent the LGBTQ population received trauma-informed services	Higher perceptions of receiving the trauma approach were associated with greater empowerment, greater emotional regulation, and less social isolation.
11	LGBT Health/2018/USA PubMed/ IMPACSau2	Psychosocial Stressors and Sexual Health Among Southern African American Women Who Have Sex with Women	Muzny et al.²²22 Muzny CA, Pérez AE, Eaton EF, Agénor M. Psychosocial Stressors and Sexual Health Among Southern African American Women Who Have Sex with Women. LGBT Health 2018; 5(4):234-241./ Quantitative	To examine the association of psychosocial stressors and IPV with sexual behaviors, STI history and STI diagnosis among MSM	Psychosocial stressors are associated with participation in risky sexual behavior and STI diagnosis
12	Psychiatric services/2018/USA PubMed/IMPACSau3	Behavioral Health Treatment Patterns Among Employer-Insured Adults in Same- and Different-Gender Marriages and Domestic Partnerships	Tran et al.²³23 Tran LD, Xu H, Azocar F, Ettner SL. Behavioral Health Treatment Patterns Among Employer-Insured Adults in Same- and Different-Gender Marriages and Domestic Partnerships. Psychiatr Serv 2018; 69(5):572-579./ Qualitative	Examine behavioral health treatments among employer-insured adults in different and equal gender domestic partnership and marriage	Adults with same-sex partners living in states with fewer legal protections for LGBT people were less likely to receive behavioral health treatment.
13	American Family Physician/ 2017/USA PubMed/IMPACSau4	Preventive Health Care for Women Who Have Sex with Women.	Knight and Jarrett²⁴24 Knight DA, Jarrett D. Preventive Health Care for Women Who Have Sex with Women. Am Fam Physician 2017; 95(5):314-321./ Qualitative	Quantify the number of lesbians and bisexuals in the U.S. and correlate it with the relative risks of health problems	MSM may be disproportionately at risk for health harms, including intimate partner violence
14	Journal of general internal medicine/ 2016/USA PubMed/IMPACSau5	Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Veterans who Utilize Veterans Health Administration Primary Care	Kimerling et al.²⁵25 Kimerling R, Iverson KM, Dichter ME, Rodriguez AL, Wong A, Pavao J. Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence among Women Veterans who Utilize Veterans Health Administration Primary Care. J Gen Intern Med 2016; 31(8):888-894./ Retrospective - cohort	Identify the prevalence of IPV among women veterans using VHA primary care	High prevalence of IPV among women, most of whom rely on VHA as a source of health care
15	Jornal of clinical nursing/2016/USA PubMed/IMPACSau6	Reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviors and mental health symptoms among young low-income behaviorally bisexual women: implications for nursing practice	Alexander et al.²⁶26 Alexander KA, Volpe EM, Abboud S, Campbell JC. Reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviours and mental health symptoms among young low-income behaviourally bisexual women: implications for nursing practice. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25(23-24):3533-3544./ Crosscutting quantitative	Describe the prevalence of reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviors, and mental health symptoms among women	A higher proportion of women who have sex with women and men reported experiencing reproductive coercion.
16	Journal of family violence/2015/USA PubMed/IMPACSau7	Discrepant Alcohol Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and Relationship Adjustment among Lesbian Women and their Relationship Partners	Kelley et al.²⁷27 Kelley ML, Lewis RJ, Mason TB. Discrepant Alcohol Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and Relationship Adjustment among Lesbian Women and their Relationship Partners. J Fam Violence 2015; 30(8):977-986./ Crosscutting quantitative	To examine the association between relationship adjustment and discrepant alcohol use among lesbian women and their same-sex intimate partners after control	Discrepancy in alcohol use was associated with worse relationship adjustment after aggression control
17	Journal of Women’s Health/2015/USA PubMed/IMPACSau8	Sexual and Reproductive Health Indicators and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Female Family Planning Clinic Patients Who Have Sex with Women and Men.	McCauley et al.²⁸28 Mccauley HL, Silverman JG, Decker MR, Agénor M, Borrero S, Tancredi DJ, Zelazny S, Miller E. Sexual and Reproductive Health Indicators and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Female Family Planning Clinic Patients Who Have Sex with Women and Men. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24(8):621-628./ Prospective-intervention	Compare WSM and WSWM on IPV prevalence and sexual and reproductive health behaviors	WSWM were significantly more likely than WSM to report a life history of IPV.
18	Violence Against Women/2015/USA PubMed/IMPACSau10	Emotional Distress, Alcohol Use, and Bidirectional Partner Violence Among Lesbian Women	Lewis et al.²⁹29 Lewis RJ, Padilla MA, Milletich RJ, Kelley ML, Winstead BA, Lau-Barraco C, Mason TB. Emotional Distress, Alcohol Use, and Bidirectional Partner Violence Among Lesbian Women. Violence Against Women 2015; 21(8):917-938./ Quantitative	To demonstrate that among lesbians, emotional distress is associated with higher alcohol consumption, and these are directly associated BPV	Emotional distress, alcohol-related problems are risk factors for IPV among lesbian women.
19	Journal of general internal medicine/2014/USA PubMed/IMPACSau10	Sexual minority status and violence among HIV infected and at-risk women.	Pyra et al.³⁰30 Pyra M, Weber K, Wilson TE, Cohen J, Murchison L, Goparaju L, Cohen MH. Sexual minority status and violence among HIV infected and at-risk women. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29(8):1131-1138./ Longitudinal quantitative	Understand that sexual minority women at risk for HIV may face higher risks of violence.	Bisexual women are more vulnerable to violence; multiple sexual partners, transactional sex

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[1] Chief editors:

Romeu Gomes, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva