Impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschoolers measured by PedsQL questionnaire

Nóbrega, Adriana Vasconcelos da; Moura, Lucia de Fátima Almeida de Deus; Andrade, Natália Silva; Lima, Cacilda Castelo Branco; Dourado, Danielle Gomes; Lima, Marina de Deus Moura de

doi:10.1590/1413-812320182411.04712018

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ARTICLE • Ciênc. saúde coletiva 24 (11) • Nov 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182411.04712018 copy

Impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschoolers measured by PedsQL questionnaire

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental caries on the quality of life of preschool children. The population was made up of preschoolers aged 5 years, enrolled in public and private institutions of Teresina, PI, Brazil. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) was applied to children and caregivers, as well as a socioeconomic-demographic questionnaire for those responsible. In the dental examination the ceod index was used to evaluate the caries experience. Of the 566 children examined, 50.2% presented with caries experience. It was observed an association between caries experience and poorer quality of life in the oral health domain in the children’s perception (RR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99) and parents (RR = 0.955, 95% CI = 0, 94-0.97). According to the children’s perception, caries in the posterior teeth was associated with poorer quality of life in the physical capacity domain (RR = 0.985, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). It was concluded that caries experience had a negative impact on the OHRQoL (oral health-related quality of life) in children’s oral health according to the perception of children and parents. Caries located in molars had a negative impact on HRQoL in the physical ability domain according to the children’s perception.

Keywords
Collective health; Epidemiology; Dental caries

Variables	N	%
Gender
Male	301	53.2
Female	265	46.8
Household income (minimum wages)
< 2 MW	382	67.5
≥ 2 MW	184	32.5
Maternal schooling (years of study)
≤ 8 years	150	26.5
> 8 years	416	73.5
Paternal schooling (years of study)
≤ 8 years	203	35.9
> 8 years	363	64.1
No	9	1.6
Living with father and mother in the same house
Yes	398	70.3
No	168	29.7
School type
Municipal	380	67.1
Private	186	32.9
How many times do children brush their teeth daily?
1	58	10.2
2	312	55.1
≥ 3	196	34.6
Intake of sweets
Up to twice a week	299	52.8
3 times or more a week	267	47.2
History of previous dental injuries
Yes	95	16.8
No	471	83.2
Caries' experience
Yes	284	50.2
No	282	49.8
Location (N=284)
Front teeth	41	14.4
Back teeth	128	45.1
Front and back teeth	115	40.5
Requires treatment (N=284)
Yes	274	96.5
No	10	3.5

Variables^* * Poisson test. µ=mean. S=standard deviation.	Physical capacity		Emotional aspect		Social aspect		School activity		Children oral health
Variables^* * Poisson test. µ=mean. S=standard deviation.	µ	SD	µ	SD	µ	SD	µ	SD	µ	SD
Gender
Male	70.93	17.91	67.18	24.19	70.13	21,13	70,5	21,65	74,15	23,32
Female	66.01	17.82	59.66	25.84	72.19	20,85	71,74	20,93	72,49	26,01
P-value	0.003		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.495
Household income (minimum wages)
< 2MW	66.66	18.23	61.26	25.76	70.34	21,14	69,84	22,67	70,47	25,62
≥ 2MW	72.72	16.89	68.64	23.39	72.66	20,7	73,64	17,93	79,4	21,17
P-value	0.033		0.124		0.292		0.688		0.003
Maternal schooling (years of study)
≤ 8 years	63.88	17.72	58.87	26.46	66.93	22,16	65,67	21,47	64,47	26,13
> 8 years	70.34	17.84	65.38	24.58	72.6	20,39	73,03	20,93	76,59	23,24
P-value	0.102		0.101		0.617		0.249		<0.001
Paternal schooling (years of study)
≤ 8 years	65.21	18.42	61.72	25.48	68.57	22,81	68,92	23,14	67,44	25,65
> 8 years	70.54	17.53	64.74	25.07	72.51	19,82	72,29	20,14	76,69	23,39
P-value	0.028		0.379		0.507		0.769		0.001
Caries' experience
Yes	67.45	18.97	63.49	25.9	71.62	22,13	71,16	21,93	68,77	26,54
No	69.81	16.96	63.83	24.59	70.57	19,83	70,99	20,69	78,01	21,57
P-value	0.119		0.871		0.551		0.925		< 0.001
Caries' location
Front	75.89	20.28	64.76	29.94	74.76	20,4	78,57	18,78	74,29	29,25
Back	66.78	18.74	63.38	25.61	71.37	22,28	70,57	22,09	68,33	26,32
P-value	0.029		0.876		0.657		0.211		0.340

Variables^* * Poisson regression. RRa=rate ratio. CI95%=95% confidence interval.	Physical capacity	Emotional aspect	Social aspect	School activity	Children oral health
	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)
Gender
Male	1	1	0.986 (0.976-0.998)	0.988 (0.977-0.988)	-
Female	0.983 (0.972-0.994)	0.984 (0.976-0.993)	1	1.012 (1.002-1.022)
P-value	0.003	0.012	0.010	0.032
Household income (minimum wages)
< 2MW	0.987 (0.975-0.999)	-	-	-	0.979 (0.978-0.996
≥ 2MW	1				1
P-value	0.041				0.002
Maternal schooling (years of study)
≤ 8 years	-	-	-	-	0.985 (0.976-0.993)
> 8 years					1
P-value					< 0.001
Paternal schooling (years of study)
≤ 8 years	-	-	-	-	0.986 (0.979-0.994)
> 8 years					1
P-value					0.012
Caries' experience
Yes	-	-	-	-	0.981 (0.974-0.989)
No					1
P-value					< 0.001
Caries' location
Front	1	-	-	-	-
Back	0.985 (0.974-0.997)
P-value	0.047

Variables	Physical capacity		Emotional aspect		Social aspect		School activity		Children oral health
Variables	µ	SD	µ	SD	µ	SD	µ	SD	µ	SD
Caries' experience
Yes	79.50	19.29	68.49	19.05	78.71	20.76	67.27	21.26	85.25	16.97
No	82.57	18.72	73.26	17.13	83.35	17.98	72.48	19.10	93.26	10.11
P-value	0.382		0.265		0.645		0.412		<0.001
Caries' location
Front	76.04	21.77	66.90	15.77	74.05	23.59	66.19	17.46	87.14	16.17
Back	79.78	19.10	68.61	19.31	79.09	20.53	67.36	21.56	85.10	17.06
P-value	0.498		0.498		0.358		0.706		0.550

Variables	Physical capacity	Emotional aspect	Social aspect	School activity	Children oral health
Variables	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)	RRa (CI 95%)
Caries' experience
Yes	-	-	-	-	0.955 (0.941-0.969)
No					1
P-value					< 0.001
Caries' location
Front	-	-	-	-	-
Back
P-value

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[1] Collaborations

AV Nóbrega worked on the conception, research, methodology and final writing; LFAD Moura worked on the conception and final writing; NS Andrade worked on the research and methodology; CCB Lima worked on the research and methodology; DG Dourado worked on the final writing; MDM Lima worked on the conception, research, methodology and final writing.