Scoping review on socioemotional skills in the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents

Avanci, Joviana Quintes; Gonçalves, Aline Ferreira; Silva Filho, Orli Carvalho da; Tavares, Pedro Henrique; Assis, Simone Gonçalves de

doi:10.1590/0102-311XEN002524

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REVIEW • Cad. Saúde Pública 40 (7) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311XEN002524 copy

Scoping review on socioemotional skills in the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents

Revisión de alcance de las habilidades socioemocionales en la prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one’s own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.

Keywords:
Suicide; Self Injury; Suicidal Ideation; Adolescent; Suicide Prevention

BIBLIOGRAPHICS BASES	SEARCH TERMS	PUBLICATIONS
SciELO: website that offers free access to journals. Integrated search for articles from journals in the SciELO network: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Spain, Portugal, Venezuela, Public Health, Social Sciences. SciELO is an electronic library with a selected collection of scientific journals. SciELO is the result of a research project by São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP, acronym in Portuguese), in partnership with the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME, acronym in Portuguese).	(“inteligência emocional” OR “manejo emocional” OR “regulação emocional” OR “controle emocional” OR “autocontrole emocional” OR “Gerenciamento emocional” OR “Emotional Intelligence” OR “Emotional Intelligences” OR “Intelligence, Emotional” OR “Intelligence, Social” OR “Intelligences, Emotional” OR “Intelligences, Social” OR “Social Intelligence” OR “Social Intelligences”) AND (“comportamento suicida” OR “ideação suicida” OR suicídio OR Suicidal OR “ehavior de suicídio” OR autolesão OR “Comportamento Autodestrutivo” OR “Self-Injurious Behavior” OR “Conducta Autodestructiva” OR “Deliberate Self Harm” OR “Deliberate Self-Harm” OR “Harm, Self” OR “Intentional Self Harm” OR “Intentional Self Injuries” OR “Intentional Self Injury” OR “Non Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injuries” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injuries” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injury” OR “Self Destructive Behavior” OR “Self Harm” OR “Self Harm, Intentional” OR “Self Injuries, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injuries, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self Injurious Behavior” OR “Self Injury” OR “Self Injury, Intentional” OR “Self Injury, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injury, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self-Destructive Behavior” OR “Self-Destructive Behaviors” OR “Self-Harm, Deliberate” OR “Self-Injuries” OR “Self-Injurious Behaviors” OR “Self-Injury” OR “Autoagressão Intencional” OR “Conduta Autolesiva” OR “Ferimento Autoinfligido não Suicida” OR “Lesão Autoinfligida não Suicida”)) AND (Adolesc* OR adolescência OR Teenager) AND (Prevenção OR Prevention OR Prevención)	0
VHL Regional Portal (title, abstract, and subject): Integrated search in BIREME databases: LILACS - Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature MEDLINE - International Health Sciences Literature ADOLEC - Adolescent Health ADSAUDE - Health Services Administration BBO - Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry BDENF - Nursing Database BIOÉTICA - Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Bioethics Program Database DESASTRES - Disaster Documentation Center Collection HISA - History of Public Health in Latin America and the Caribbean HOMEOINDEX - Brazilian Bibliography of Homeopathy LEYES - Basic Health Legislation of Latin America and the Caribbean MEDCARIB - Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences REPIDISCA - Literature in Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences PAHO - Collection of the Library of the PAHO WHOLIS - WHO Library Information System	(“inteligência emocional” OR “manejo emocional” OR “regulação emocional” OR “controle emocional” OR “autocontrole emocional” OR “Gerenciamento emocional” OR “Emotional Intelligence” OR “Emotional Intelligences” OR “Intelligence, Emotional” OR “Intelligence, Social” OR “Intelligences, Emotional” OR “Intelligences, Social” OR “Social Intelligence” OR “Social Intelligences”) AND (“comportamento suicida” OR “ideação suicida” OR suicídio OR suicidal OR “ehavior de suicídio” OR autolesão OR “Comportamento Autodestrutivo” OR “Self-Injurious Behavior” OR “Conducta Autodestructiva” OR “Deliberate Self Harm” OR “Deliberate Self-Harm” OR “Harm, Self” OR “Intentional Self Harm” OR “Intentional Self Injuries” OR “Intentional Self Injury” OR “Non Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injuries” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injuries” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injury” OR “Self Destructive Behavior” OR “Self Harm” OR “Self Harm, Intentional” OR “Self Injuries, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injuries, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self Injurious Behavior” OR “Self Injury” OR “Self Injury, Intentional” OR “Self Injury, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injury, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self-Destructive Behavior” OR “Self-Destructive Behaviors” OR “Self-Harm, Deliberate” OR “Self-Injuries” OR “Self-Injurious Behaviors” OR “Self-Injury” OR “Autoagressão Intencional” OR “Conduta Autolesiva” OR “Ferimento Autoinfligido não Suicida” OR “Lesão Autoinfligida não Suicida”) AND (adolesc* OR adolescência OR teenager OR Criança* OR Niños OR Child OR Chiildhood OR Infancy) AND (prevenção OR prevention OR prevención) AND (year_cluster:[2010 TO 2022])	30
VHL Regional Portal (Health Science Descriptors) (same as above)	(e☹ “Inteligência Emocional” OR )) AND (e☹Suicídio OR “Comportamento Autodestrutivo” OR “Tentativa de suicídio”)) AND (e☹ Adolescen* OR Crianças)) AND (e☹ Prevenção OR Preventivo))	0
OASIS (from Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology - IBICT, acronym in Portuguese): Brazilian portal for open access repositories and journals. Through a single interface, it allows simultaneous search in all digital repositories and electronic scientific journals that use the OAI-PMH protocol, which makes it a service provider. In other words, data providers (institutions, scientific journals) expose the metadata that describe their content so that they can be collected by the service provider, which centralizes search services. IBICT developed and coordinates the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD, acronym in Portuguese), which integrates the information systems for theses and dissertations in educational and research institutions in Brazil; it encourages the electronic registration and publication of theses and dissertations. The BDTD, in partnership with Brazilian educational and research institutions, enables the Brazilian science and technology community to publish and disseminate its theses and dissertations produced in the country and abroad, increasing the visibility of national scientific production.	(“inteligência emocional” OR “manejo emocional” OR “regulação emocional” OR “controle emocional” OR “autocontrole emocional” OR “Gerenciamento emocional” OR “Emotional Intelligence” OR “Emotional Intelligences” OR “Intelligence, Emotional” OR “Intelligence, Social” OR “Intelligences, Emotional” OR “Intelligences, Social” OR “Social Intelligence” OR “Social Intelligences”) AND (“comportamento suicida” OR “ideação suicida” OR suicídio OR Suicidal OR “ehavior de suicídio” OR autolesão OR “Comportamento Autodestrutivo” OR “Self-Injurious Behavior” OR “Conducta Autodestructiva” OR “Deliberate Self Harm” OR “Deliberate Self-Harm” OR “Harm, Self” OR “Intentional Self Harm” OR “Intentional Self Injuries” OR “Intentional Self Injury” OR “Non Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injuries” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injuries” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injury” OR “Self Destructive Behavior” OR “Self Harm” OR “Self Harm, Intentional” OR “Self Injuries, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injuries, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self Injurious Behavior” OR “Self Injury” OR “Self Injury, Intentional” OR “Self Injury, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injury, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self-Destructive Behavior” OR “Self-Destructive Behaviors” OR “Self-Harm, Deliberate” OR “Self-Injuries” OR “Self-Injurious Behaviors” OR “Self-Injury” OR “Autoagressão Intencional” OR “Conduta Autolesiva” OR “Ferimento Autoinfligido não Suicida” OR “Lesão Autoinfligida não Suicida”) AND (Adolesc* OR adolescência OR Teenager OR Criança* OR Niños OR Child OR Chiildhood OR Infancy) AND (Prevenção OR Prevention OR Prevención)	4
Scopus: references with abstracts. Scopus is a comprehensive scientific, medical, technical and social science database containing all relevant literature.	(TITLE-ABS-KEY (“Emotional Intelligence” OR “Emotional Intelligences” OR “Intelligence, Emotional” OR “Intelligence, Social” OR “Intelligences, Emotional” OR “Intelligences, Social” OR “Social Intelligence” OR “Social Intelligences” ) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (suicidal OR “Suicide ideation” OR “Self-Injurious Behavior” OR “Behavior, Self-Destructive” OR “Behavior, Self-Injurious” OR “Behaviors, Self-Destructive” OR “Behaviors, Self-Injurious” OR “Deliberate Self Harm” OR “Deliberate Self-Harm” OR “Harm, Self” OR “Intentional Self Harm” OR “Intentional Self Injuries” OR “Intentional Self Injury” OR “Non Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injuries” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injuries” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injury” OR “Self Destructive Behavior” OR “Self Harm” OR “Self Harm, Intentional” OR “Self Injuries, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injuries, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self Injurious Behavior” OR “Self Injury” OR “Self Injury, Intentional” OR “Self Injury, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injury, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self-Destructive Behavior” OR “Self-Destructive Behaviors” OR “Self-Harm, Deliberate” OR “Self-Injuries” OR “Self-Injurious Behaviors” OR “Self-Injury”) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (adolesc* OR teenager OR child OR infancy OR kids OR children) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (prevention))	12
Web of Science: a multidisciplinary database that indexes the most cited journals in their respective fields. It is also a citation index, providing, for each article, information about cited documents and documents that have cited the article. Today, it has more than 9,000 journals indexed. It comprises: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED): 1945 to the present; Social Sciences Citation Index: 1956 to the present; Arts and Humanities Citation Index: 1975 to the present. In 2012, the content was expanded with the inclusion of the Conference Proceedings Citation Index ₋ Science (CPCI-S); Conference Proceedings Citation Index ₋ Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH)	“Emotional Intelligence” OR “Emotional Intelligences” OR “Intelligence, Emotional” OR “Intelligence, Social” OR “Intelligences, Emotional” OR “Intelligences, Social” OR “Social Intelligence” OR “Social Intelligences” (Todos os campos) and Suicidal OR “Suicide ideation” OR “Self-Injurious Behavior” OR “Behavior, Self-Destructive” OR “Behavior, Self-Injurious” OR “Behaviors, Self-Destructive” OR “Behaviors, Self-Injurious” OR “Deliberate Self Harm” OR “Deliberate Self-Harm” OR “Harm, Self” OR “Intentional Self Harm” OR “Intentional Self Injuries” OR “Intentional Self Injury” OR “Non Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injuries” OR “Non-Suicidal Self Injury” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injuries” OR “Nonsuicidal Self Injury” OR “Self Destructive Behavior” OR “Self Harm” OR “Self Harm, Intentional” OR “Self Injuries, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injuries, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self Injurious Behavior” OR “Self Injury” OR “Self Injury, Intentional” OR “Self Injury, Non-Suicidal” OR “Self Injury, Nonsuicidal” OR “Self-Destructive Behavior” OR “Self-Destructive Behaviors” OR “Self-Harm, Deliberate” OR “Self-Injuries” OR “Self-Injurious Behaviors” OR “Self-Injury” (Todos os campos) and Adolesc* OR Teenager OR child OR infancy OR kids OR children (Todos os campos) and Prevention (Todos os campos).	11
PubMed/MEDLINE (title and abstract): database specializing in biomedical and life sciences developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) and managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Of public access, it indexes specialized literature in the fields of biological sciences, nursing, dentistry, medicine, veterinary medicine, and public health	(((((“emotional intelligence”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“social intelligence”[Title/Abstract])) OR (Intelligence,[Title/Abstract])) AND (((“suicidal behavior”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“suicide”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“self destructive behavior”[Title/Abstract]))) AND ((((“adolescence”[Title/Abstract]) OR (“adolescent”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“child”[Title/Abstract])) OR (“kids”[Title/Abstract]))) AND (“prevention”[Title/Abstract])	8
PubMed (MeSH terms): same as above	(((“emotional intelligence”[MeSH Terms] AND (2010/1/1:2022/5/28[pdat])) AND ((“self injurious behavior”[MeSH Terms]) OR (“suicide”[MeSH Terms]) AND (2010/1/1:2022/5/28[pdat]))) AND ((“adolescent”[MeSH Terms]) OR (“child”[MeSH Terms]) AND (2010/1/1:2022/5/28[pdat]))) AND (prevention AND (2010/1/1:2022/5/28[pdat]))	96
Dimensions: this is a database that offers comprehensive collections of linked data on a single platform, from funding, publications, datasets, and clinical trials to patents and policy documents. It maps the life cycle of research, from funding to results and impacts	(“Emotional Intelligence” OR “Social intelligence”) AND (“Self destructive behavion” OR “Self injuries” OR “Self injurious behavior”) OR (Suicide OR Suicidal) OR (Adolescent Or Adolescence OR Adolescents OR Child OR Childhood OR Kids OR Children OR infancy) AND (Prevention OR Preventive).	24
Embase (Emtree): it is considered a reference database in the field of biomedical and pharmacological responses. Its website presents the benefits this tool in evidence-based medicine, contributing to evidence-based clinical decision-making, improving patient outcomes, increasing the discovery of biomedical evidence, and providing comprehensive updated biomedical information; in pharmacovigilance, contributing to the literature in this field; in medical device development and post-market surveillance, contributing to the stages of medical device development with high-quality biomedical information, from concept and design to post-market surveillance; in drug development, contributing to the discovery of relationships between drugs, diseases, and drug interactions, providing critical biomedical information for drug development, repositioning and safety. This database provides systematic and integrative review studies, clinical guidelines and protocols, and health technology assessment. The entire process of systematic and integrative reviews has internationally recognized guidelines. It also includes more than 2.3 million abstracts of conference papers since 2009. With daily updates and annual inclusion of more than 1.5 million articles, it offers PICO Search, a unique feature that allows searches based on the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) strategy, a methodology used in evidence-based practice (EBP)	‘emotional intelligence’/exp AND (‘suicide’/exp OR ‘self destructive behavior’/exp OR ‘automutilation’/exp OR ‘suicidal behavior’/exp OR ‘suicide attempt’/exp) AND (‘adolescence’/exp OR ‘childhood’/exp OR ‘child’/exp OR ‘adolescent’/exp) AND prevention AND [2010-2022]/py	12
PsycNET: database for psychology, education, psychiatry, social sciences. PsycINFO is the world’s leading psychology database, covering virtually all literature available on these subjects. Updated weekly, it offers millions of abstracts of journal articles, book chapters, editorials, and other types of references and bibliographic citations provided by the most respected academic publications. It offers more than 4 million bibliographic citations (article abstracts). It currently has around 2,500 titles, 80% of the content from journals (99% of the journals available on PsycINFO are peer-reviewed). Comprehensible coverage from 1880 to the present, although it contains records dating back to 1597	“Emotional intelligence” OR Abstract: “social intelligence” AND Abstract: “Self injuries” OR Abstract: “Self Injurious behavior” OR Abstract: automultilation OR Abstract: Suicide OR Abstract: Suicidal AND Abstract: Adolesc* OR Abstract: Child* AND Abstract: Prevention OR Abstract: Preventive AND Year: 2010 To 2022	5
TOTAL		202
TOTAL WITHOUT REPEATED STUDIES		150

Region	Countries and regions (WHO)	Countries with high rates * n (%)	Results found on the 1st page	Exclusions	Included in final spreadsheet
Africa	47	27 (57.5)	16	16	0
Americas	33	21 (63.6)	93	78	15
Europe	50	39 (78.0)	101	97	4
East Mediterranean	21	8 (38.1)	5	5	0
Western Pacific	21	11 (52.4)	41	35	6
Southwest Asia	11	8 (72.7)	19	19	0
Total	183	114 (62.3)	275	250	25

STUDY	YEAR	COUNTRY	SOCIOEMOCIONALS SKILLS	SUICIDAL/SELF-HARM BEHAVIOR
Buerger et al. ¹³13. Buerger A, Emser T, Seidel A, Scheiner C, von Schoenfeld C, Ruecker V, et al. DUDE - a universal prevention program for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in adolescence based on effective emotion regulation: study protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:97.	2022	Germany	Emotion regulation	Self-harm
Garmendia Espinoza ⁷⁰70. Garmendia Espinoza PA. La inteligencia emocional y su relación con la ideación suicida [Undergraduate Thesis]. Palma: Universitat de les Illes Balears; 2022.	2022	Spain	Emotional intelligence	Suicidal ideation
Schwartz ¹²²122. Schwartz S. New outpatient centre in Montreal helps teens in suicidal crisis. Montreal Gazette 2022; 18 mar. https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/new-centre-to-help-teens-in-suicidal-crisis-set-to-open-in-montreal. https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-n...	2022	Canada	Emotion regulation	Suicide
Nova Escola ⁵⁰50. Nova Escola. Como lidar com a pré e posvenção do suicídio na escola. https://gestaoescolar.org.br/conteudo/2262/como-lidar-com-a-pre-e-posvencao-do-suicidio-na-escola (accessed on 25/Jul/2022). https://gestaoescolar.org.br/conteudo/22...	2022	Brazil	Emotional intelligence	Suicide
Hermosillo-de-la-Torre et al. ⁸⁴84. Hermosillo-de-la-Torre AE, Arteaga-de-Luna SM, Acevedo-Rojas DL, Juárez-Loya A, Jiménez-Tapia JA, Pedroza-Cabrera FJ, et al. Psychosocial correlates of suicidal behavior among adolescents under confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Aguascalientes, Mexico: a cross-sectional population survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4977.	2021	Mexico	Emotion regulation, self-esteem	Suicidal behavior
Knight ⁴⁴44. Knight MA. Social emotional learning as a universal upstream approach to youth suicide prevention: a secondary data analysis of a prevention program evaluation. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/4161/ (accessed on 16/Oct/2023). https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thes...	2021	United States	Emotional competences, positive attitudes, resilience etc.	Suicide
Shahram et al. ¹¹⁴114. Shahram SZ, Smith ML, Ben-David S, Feddersen M, Kemp TE, Plamondon K. Promoting "zest for life": a systematic literature review of resiliency factors to prevent youth suicide. J Res Adolesc 2021; 31:4-24.	2021	Canada	Resilience, coping	Suicide
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Rastrollo Sasal ⁶⁹69. Rastrollo Sasal LA. Suicidio en adolescentes: una propuesta de prevención [Masters Thesis]. Madrid: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; 2021.	2021	Spain	Emotion regulation, emotional skills	Suicidal behavior
Krishnamoorthy & Kalpana ¹¹⁰110. Krishnamoorthy P, Kalpana B. Emotional intelligence and suicidal thoughts - how related are they? Systematic review. Ann Rom Soc Cell Biol 2021; 25:9664-71.	2021	India	Emotional intelligence, emotional skills and competencies	Suicidal behavior
Cano Quevedo ⁸⁵85. Cano Quevedo JK. Programa "Fortaleciendo mi salud emocional" para reducir las conductas autolesivas en estudiantes de un distrito de Lima Norte, 2021 [Doctoral Dissertation]. Trujillo: Universidad César Vallejo; 2021.	2021	Peru	Emotional health	Self-harm
Arguedas González et al. ¹²³123. Arguedas Gonzáles K, Ocampo Gómez A, Ramírez Guerrero R, Reyes Monge J, Valerín Villarreal MX. Factores protectores y de riesgo en dos personas adolescentes que intentaron suicidarse: recomendaciones para la prevención desde la orientación. San Jose de Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica; 2020.	2021	Costa Rica	Emotional intelligence, social skills, self-esteem	Suicide, attempts, ideation
World Health Organization ¹⁸18. World Health Organization. Suicide worldwide in 2019: global health estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.	2021	Switzerland	Socioemotionals skills	Suicide, self-harm
World Health Organization & United Nations Children’s Fund ⁹⁹99. World Health Organization; United Nations Children's Fund. Helping adolescents thrive toolkit: strategies to promote and protect adolescent mental health and reduce self-harm and other risk behaviours. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.	2021	Switzerland	Emotional competencies, resilience	Suicide, self-harm
Scavacini et al. ⁴⁸48. Scavacini K, Cacciacarro MF, Motoyama ÉP, Cescon LF. Autolesão: guia prático de ajuda. São Paulo: Instituto Vita Alere de Prevenção e Posvenção do Suicídio; 2021.	2021	Brazil	Emotion regulation	Self-harm
Farias ¹¹⁷117. Farias I. DBT para adolescentes: 5 habilidades. https://www.psicoactiva.com/blog/dbt-para-adolescentes/ (accessed on 24/Nov/2022). https://www.psicoactiva.com/blog/dbt-par...	2021	Argentina	Emotion regulation	Self-harm, suicidal ideation
Argentine Ministry of Health et al. ¹⁰²102. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría; Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia. Abordaje integral del suicidio en las adolescencias: lineamientos para equipos de salud. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Salud de la Nación/Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría/Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia; 2021.	2021	Argentina	Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation, empathy etc.	Self-harm, suicide
Misiones Ministry of Public Health ¹¹¹111. Ministerio de Salud Pública, Gobierno de la Provincia de Misiones. Orientaciones para el abordaje integral de la problemática del suicidio en población adolescente en la Provincia de Misiones. https://salud.misiones.gob.ar/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Protocolo-prevencion-suicidio.pdf (accessed on 31/Jul/2022). https://salud.misiones.gob.ar/wp-content...	2021	Argentina	Emotional intelligence	Suicide
SOMOS Educação ⁵³53. SOMOS Educação. Setembro Amarelo nas escolas: como abordar temas de saúde mental? https://blog.elevaplataforma.com.br/setembro-amarelo-nas-escolas/ (accessed on 05/Aug/2022). https://blog.elevaplataforma.com.br/sete...	2021	Brazil	Emotional intelligence socioemotionals skills, resilience etc.	Suicide
Rodríguez ¹¹²112. Rodríguez AMG. Situaciones detonantes del comportamiento e ideación suicida en adolescentes víctimas de acoso escolar [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bogotá: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia; 2021.	2021	Colombia	Emotional intelligence, self-esteem, empathy	Suicidal behavior
Colombian Senate ¹⁰⁴104. Senado de Colombia. Por medio de la cual se crea y se implementa la cátedra de educación emocional en todas las instituciones educativas de Colombia en los niveles de preescolar, básica y media y se adoptan otras disposiciones. Projecto de Ley nº 348/2021. Bogotá: Senado de Colombia; 2021.	2021	Colombia	Emotional intelligence, empathy and emotion regulation	Suicide
Costarican National Council for Youth Public Policies ⁹⁶96. Consejo Nacional de Políticas Públicas para la Juventud. Protocolo de atención en el tema del suicidio por parte del Consejo de Persona Joven (CPJ). https://cpj.go.cr/ (accessed on 05/Aug/2022). https://cpj.go.cr/...	2021	Costa Rica	Resilience	Suicide
Kim et al. ¹⁴14. Kim KL, Galione J, Schettini E, DeYoung LLA, Gilbert AC, Jenkins GA, et al. Do styles of emotion dysregulation differentiate adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury from those attempting suicide? Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113240.	2020	United States	Emotion regulation	Suicide attempt, self-harm
Acuña de la Cruz & Gamarra Zelada ⁸²82. Acuña de la Cruz YY, Gamarra Zelada AG. Inteligencia emocional e ideación suicida en estudiantes de educación secundaria de un colegio estatal de Cajamarca, 2019 [Undergraduate Thesis]. Cajamarca: Universidad Privada Antonio Guillermo Urrelo; 2020.	2020	Peru	Emotional intelligence	Suicidal ideation
Bonet et al. ⁶³63. Bonet C, Palma C, Santos MG. Effectiveness of emotional intelligence therapy on suicide risk among adolescents in residential care. Rev Int Psicol Ter Psicol 2020; 20:61-74.	2020	Spain	Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation	Suicide
Aquino Huanca ⁸³83. Aquino Huanca H. Programa de inteligencia emocional para la prevención del cutting en los estudiantes de primero y segundo de Secundaria "de la Unidad Educativa Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz de la Ciudad de El Alto" [Masters Thesis]. La Paz: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés; 2020.	2020	Bolivia	Emotional intelligence	Self-harm
Fernandez Moratilla ⁶⁴64. Fernandez Moratilla E. Prevención del suicidio en adolescentes: un programa integral basado en sus factores de riesgo y de protección [Masters Thesis]. Madrid: Centro Universitario Cardenal Cisneros, Universidad de Alcalá; 2020.	2020	Spain	Emotion regulation, resilience, etc.	Suicide
Arrivillaga et al. ⁶⁵65. Arrivillaga C, Rey L, Extremera N. Adolescents' problematic internet and smartphone use is related to suicide ideation: does emotional intelligence make a difference? Comput Human Behav 2020; 110:106375.	2020	Spain	Emotional intelligence	Suicidal ideation
Pathare et al. ⁹⁰90. Pathare S, Shields-Zeeman L, Vijayakumar L, Pandit D, Nardodkar R, Chatterjee S, et al. Evaluation of the SPIRIT Integrated Suicide Prevention Programme: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India. Trials 2020; 21:572.	2020	India	Emotional intelligence	Suicide
Quintana-Orts et al. ⁶¹61. Quintana-Orts C, Mérida-López S, Rey L, Neto F, Extremera N. Untangling the emotional intelligence-suicidal ideation connection: the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adolescents. J Clin Med 2020; 9:3116.	2020	Spain	Emotion regulation, emotional intelligence	Suicidal ideation
Halicka et al. ¹⁰⁹109. Halicka J, Szewczuk-Boguslawska M, Adamska A, Misiak B. Neurobiology of the association between non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal behavior and emotional intelligence: a review. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 2020; 22:25-35.	2020	United States	Emotional intelligence	Self-harm, suicidal behavior
Velis Giménez ⁶⁷67. Velis Giménez MC. Programa de intervención integral de las autolesiones no suicidas en una comunidad educativa desde la terapia dialéctica comportamental [Undergraduate Thesis]. Valencia: Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir; 2020.	2020	Spain	Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation	Self-harm
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World Health Organization ¹⁰⁶106. World Health Organization. Guidelines on mental health promotive and preventive interventions for adolescents: helping adolescents thrive (HAT). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.	2020	Switzerland	Resilience, emotional skills, emotion regulation etc.	Suicidal behavior, self-harm
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Australian Government. National Suicide Prevention Taskforce ⁹⁵95. National Suicide Prevention Taskforce. Interim Advice Report: towards a national whole-of-government approach to suicide prevention. Canberra: National Suicide Prevention Taskforce; 2020.	2020	Australia	Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation, emotional well-being	Suicide
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Galarreta Mostacero ⁸¹81. Galarreta Mostacero ADL. Programa de habilidades sociales para la prevención del cutting en estudiantes de secundaria de una institución-Moche [Masters Thesis]. Trujillo: Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad César Vallejo; 2019.	2019	Peru	Emotion regulation, social skills	Self-harm
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World Health Organization ⁹²92. World Health Organization. Live life: preventing suicide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.	2018	Switzerland	Emotion regulation	Suicide
Bloomer ¹⁰¹101. Bloomer E. Self-harm needs assessment for children & young people. Hove: Brighton & Hove City Council; 2018.	2018	United Kingdom	Emotional intelligence	Self-harm
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World Health Organization ⁵⁸58. Organização Mundial da Saúde. INSPIRE: sete estratégias para pôr fim à violência contra crianças. São Paulo: Núcleo de Estudos da Violência; 2018.	2018	Switzerland	Life skills, resilience, emotion regulation	Self-harm, suicide
Towers Hamlets ¹⁰⁵105. Towers Hamlets. Suicide prevention strategy action plan: update 2017/18. London: Tower Hamlets Health and Wellbeing Board; 2017.	2017/2018	United Kingdom	Emotional intelligence	Suicide
Alvino Advíncula & Huaytalla Pariona ⁷⁴74. Alvino Advíncula IR, Huaytalla Pariona AM. Inteligencia emocional en estudiantes que se autolesionan, del nivel secundario en la I.E.P. Gelicich del distrito de El Tambo-2015 [Undergraduate Thesis]. Huancayo: Universidad Continental; 2017.	2017	Peru	Emotional intelligence	Self-harm
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Xavier ⁷⁶76. Xavier AMJ. Experiências emocionais precoces e (des)regulação emocional: implicações para os comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência [Doctoral Dissertation]. Coimbra: Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra; 2017.	2017	Portugal	Emotional intelligence, emotion regulation	Self-harm
Topper ⁴⁰40. Topper A. A proposed suicide prevention intervention for LGBTQ youth: addressing an unmet need [Masters Thesis]. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh; 2017.	2017	United States	Emotional intelligence, resilience etc.	Suicidal behavior
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González Suárez et al. ¹¹³113. González Suárez LF, Vasco-Hurtado IC, Nieto-Betancurt L. Revisión de la literatura sobre el papel del afrontamiento en las autolesiones no suicidas en adolescentes. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos de Psicología 2016; 16:41-56.	2016	Colombia	Emotional intelligence	Self-harm
Perloe ³⁸38. Perloe A. A longitudinal examination of the association between non-suicidal self-injury, emotional intelligence, and family context in adolescents [Doctoral Dissertation]. Fairfax: George Mason University; 2016.	2016	United States	Emotional intelligence	Self-harm
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Black Dog Institute ⁹⁸98. Black Dog Institute. An evidence-based systems approach to suicide prevention: guidance on planning, commissioning and monitoring. Sydney: Black Dog Institute/Australian Government Department of Health; 2016.	2016	Australia	Emotional intelligence	Suicide
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Kwok et al. ⁷³73. Kwok SYCL, Yeung JWK, Low AYT, Lo HHM, Tam CHL. The roles of emotional competence and social problem-solving in the relationship between physical abuse and adolescent suicidal ideation in China. Child Abuse Negl 2015; 44:117-29.	2015	China	Emotional intelligence and competencies, social problem solving	Suicidal ideation
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Wasserman et al. ⁸⁶86. Wasserman D, Hoven CW, Wasserman C, Wall M, Eisenberg R, Hadlaczky G, et al. School-based suicide prevention programmes: the SEYLE cluster-randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 385:1536-44.	2015	Sweden	Socioemotionals skills	Suicidal behavior
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Oktan ⁷²72. Oktan V. A characterization of self-injurious behavior among Turkish adolescents. Psychol Rep 2014; 115:645-54.	2014	Turkey	Self-care, autonomy, etc.	Self-harm
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[1] Correspondence
J. Q. Avanci Departamento de Estudos sobre Violência e Saúde Jorge Careli, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Brasil 4036, sala 700, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brasil. jovi.avanci@gmail.com