Baas et al. 5454. Baas N, de Jong MDT, Drossaert CHC. Children's perspectives on cyberbullying: insights based on participatory research. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2013; 16:248-53. |
Explore impact of cyberbullying, aggressors’ motivations, and struggle against cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
Netherlands |
11-12 |
N = 28 (13 females, 15 males) |
Berne et al. 2727. Berne S, Frisén A, Kling J. Appearance-related cyberbullying: a qualitative investigation of characteristics, content, reasons, and effects. Body Image 2014; 11:527-33. |
Identify characteristics of victims or aggressors in cyberbullying targeted to appearance |
Group interviews |
Sweden |
15 |
N = 27 (13 females, 14 males) |
Betts & Spenser 5151. Betts LR, Spenser KA. "People think it's a harmless joke": young people's understanding of the impact of technology, digital vulnerability and cyberbullying in the United Kingdom. J Child Media 2017; 11:20-35. |
Analyze uses of technologies and the concept of cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
United Kingdom |
11-15 |
N = 29 (11 females, 18 males) |
Bowler et al. 5252. Bowler L, Knobel C, Mattern E. From cyberbullying to well-being: a narrative-based participatory approach to values-oriented design for social media. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 2015; 66:1274-93. |
Construct a user-generated conceptual framework for understanding cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
United States |
14-20 |
N = 9 (6 females, 3 males) |
Brandau & Evanson 2626. Brandau M, Evanson TA. Adolescent victims emerging from cyberbullying. Qual Health Res 2018; 28:1584-94. |
Explore social and psychological aspects of cyberbullying from the victims’ perspective |
Individual interviews |
United States |
14-21 |
N = 15 (12 females, 3 males) |
Bryce & Fraser 4040. Bryce J, Fraser J. "It's common sense that it's wrong": young people's perceptions and experiences of cyberbullying. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2013; 16:783-7. |
Analyze perceptions and experiences of cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
United Kingdom |
9-19 |
N = 108 |
Bryce & Fraser 4141. Bryce J, Fraser J. The role of disclosure of personal information in the evaluation of risk and trust in young peoples' online interactions. Comput Human Behav 2014; 30:299-306. |
Analyze the understanding of risks associated with exposure of personal information and contact with strangers |
Group interviews |
United Kingdom |
9-19 |
N = 108 |
Connolly 4343. Connolly JP. Exploring the factors influencing gifted adolescents' resistance to report experiences of cyberbullying behavior: toward an improved understanding. J Educ Gift 2018; 41:136-59. |
Analyze reasons for adolescents not to report cases of cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
Ireland |
13-17 |
N = 59 |
DeSmet et al. 4242. DeSmet A, Veldeman C, Poels K, Bastiaensens S, Van Cleemput K, Vandebosch H, et al. Determinants of self-reported bystander behavior in cyberbullying incidents amongst adolescents. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2014; 17:207-15. |
Analyze bystanders’ behaviors and their determinants for acting |
Group interviews |
Belgium |
12-16 |
N = 61 (32 females, 29 males) |
DeSmet et al. 6868. DeSmet A, Bastiaensens S, Van Cleemput K, Poels K, Vandebosch H, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Mobilizing bystanders of cyberbullying: an exploratory study into behavioural determinants of defending the victim. Stud Health Technol Inform 2012; 181:58-63. |
Analyze bystanders’ determinants for defending victims |
Group interviews |
Belgium |
12-15 |
N = 33 (11 females, 12 males) |
Dredge et al. 4848. Dredge R, Gleeson JFM, de la Piedad Garcia X. Risk factors associated with impact severity of cyberbullying victimization: a qualitative study of adolescent online social networking. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2014; 17:287-91. |
Identify factors that intervene in impact of cyberbullying on victims |
Individual interviews |
Australia |
15-24 |
N = 25 (17 females, 8 males) |
Ging & O’Higgins 5656. Ging D, O'Higgins Norman J. Cyberbullying, conflict management or just messing? Teenage girls' understandings and experiences of gender, friendship, and conflict on Facebook in an Irish second-level school. Fem Media Stud 2016; 16:805-21. |
Analyze how adolescents understand and experience friendship, conflict, and cyberbullying in Facebook |
Individual interviews |
Ireland |
14-17 |
N = 26 (females) |
Keipi & Oksanen 5353. Keipi T, Oksanen A. Self-exploration, anonymity and risks in the online setting: analysis of narratives by 14-18-year olds. J Youth Stud 2014; 17:1097-113. |
Analyze how adolescents understand and react to risks on internet |
Written narratives |
Finland |
14-18 |
N = 258 (143 females, 115 males) |
Law et al. 5050. Law DM, Shapka JD, Domene JF, Gagné MH. Are cyberbullies really bullies? An investigation of reactive and proactive online aggression. Comput Human Behav 2012; 28:664-72. |
Analyze motivations for online aggression, especially analyzing proactive and reactive aggressions |
In-depth interviews |
Canada |
10-18 |
N = 15 (10 females, 5 males) |
Maher 6666. Maher D. Cyberbullying: an ethnographic case study of one Australian upper primary school class. Youth Stud Aust 2008; 27:50-7. |
Describe cyberbullying practices in schools |
Ethnography |
Australia |
11-12 |
N = 22 |
Nilan et al. 4949. Nilan P, Burgess H, Hobbs M, Threadgold S, Alexander W. Youth, social media, and cyberbullying among australian youth: "sick friends". Soc Media Soc 2015; 1:205630511560484. |
Identify sociological behavior patterns in cyberbullying |
Individual interviews |
Australia |
15-18 |
N = 10 (5 females, 5 males) |
O’Brien & Moules 6363. O'Brien N, Moules T. Not sticks and stones but tweets and texts: findings from a national cyberbullying project. Pastor Care Educ 2013; 31:53-65. |
Describe victims’ perceptions of cyberbullying’s impact on their lives |
Group interviews |
United Kingdom |
10-18 |
N = 17 (14 females, 3 males) |
Pabian et al. 6161. Pabian S, Erreygers S, Vandebosch H, Van Royen K, Dare J, Costello L, et al. "Arguments online, but in school we always act normal": the embeddedness of early adolescent negative peer interactions within the whole of their offline and online peer interactions. Child Youth Serv Rev 2018; 86:1-13 |
Identify differences and similarities between offline and online negative interactions |
Individual interviews |
Belgium |
13-14 |
N = 34 |
Parris et al. 5959. Parris L, Varjas K, Meyers J. "The internet is a mask": high school students' suggestions for preventing cyberbullying. West J Emerg Med 2014; 15:587-92. |
Describe how adolescents prevent cyberbullying |
Individual interviews |
United States |
15-19 |
N = 40 |
Parris et al. 6060. Parris L, Varjas K, Meyers J, Cutts H. High school students' perceptions of coping with cyberbullying. Youth Soc 2012; 44:284-306. |
Identify strategies to overcome cases of cyberbullying |
Individual interviews |
United States |
15-19 |
N = 20 (7 females, 13 males) |
Patterson et al. 4444. Patterson LJ, Allan A, Cross D. Adolescent perceptions of bystanders' responses to cyberbullying. New Media Soc 2017; 19:366-83. |
Understand bystanders’ perceptions and responses |
Individual interviews |
Australia |
13-16 |
N = 24 (13 females, 11 males) |
Pelfrey & Weber 6262. Pelfrey Jr. WV, Weber NL. Student and school staff strategies to combat cyberbullying in an urban student population. Prev Sch Fail 2015; 59:227-36. |
Understand strategies for prevention and response to cases of cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
United States |
11-14 |
N = 24 (16 females, 8 males) |
Price et al. 2828. Price D, Green D, Spears B, Scrimgeour M, Barnes A, Geer R, et al. A qualitative exploration of cyber-bystanders and moral engagement. J Psychol Couns Sch 2014; 24:1-17. |
Analyze adolescents’ perceptions of bystanders |
Surveys with open questions |
United States |
M = 15 |
N = 961 (443 females, 481 males) |
Radovic et al. 5555. Radovic A, Gmelin T, Stein BD, Miller E. Depressed adolescents' positive and negative use of social media. J Adolesc 2017; 55:5-15. |
Identify uses of social networks by adolescents with depression |
Individual interviews |
United States |
13-20 |
N = 23 (18 females, 5 males) |
Reason et al. 2929. Reason L, Boyd M, Reason C. Cyberbullying in rural communities: origin and processing through the lens of older adolescents. Qual Rep 2016; 21:2331-48. |
Analyze victims’ experiences and ways of coping with cyberbullying |
Group and individual interviews |
United States |
18 |
N = 8 (4 females, 4 males) |
Samoh et al. 5858. Samoh N, Boonmongkon P, Ojanen TT, Samakkeekarom R, Jonas KJ, Guadamuz TE. 'It's an ordinary matter': perceptions of cyberbullying in Thai youth culture. J Youth Stud 2019; 22:240-55. |
Analyze perceptions of definition, causes, consequences, and approaches to cyberbullying |
Group and individual interviews |
Thailand |
15-24 |
N = 136 |
Ševčíková et al. 6464. Ševčíková A, Šmahel D, Otavová M. The perception of cyberbullying in adolescent victims. Emot Behav Diffic 2012; 17:319-28. |
Describe how victims of cyberbullying perceive the aggression and in which contexts it is considered more serious |
Individual interviews |
Czech Republic |
15-17 |
N = 16 (7 females, 9 males) |
Šléglová & Černá 5757. Šléglová V, Černá A. Cyberbullying in adolescent victims: perception and coping. Cyberpsychology 2011; 5:4. |
Describe how victims of cyberbullying perceive the aggression and strategies used to overcome it |
Individual interviews |
Czech Republic |
14-18 |
N = 15 (13 females, 2 males) |
Stacey 4545. Stacey E. Research into cyberbullying: student perspectives on cybersafe learning environments. Informatics in Education 2009; 8:115-30. |
Analyze uses of technologies by adolescents and their experiences with cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
Australia |
10-17 |
N = 74 |
Vandebosch & van Cleemput 6767. Vandebosch H, Van Cleemput K. Defining cyberbullying: a qualitative research into the perceptions of youngsters. Cyberpsychol Behav 2008; 11:499-503. |
Describe experiences and perspectives with cyberbullying |
Group interviews |
Belgium |
10-19 |
N = 279 (137 females, 142 males) |
Varjas et al. 4646. Varjas K, Meyers J, Kiperman S, Howard A. Technology hurts? Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth perspectives of technology and cyberbullying. J Sch Violence 2013; 12:27-44. |
Describe experiences and perspectives of cyberbullying in adolescents from the LGBTQ community |
Individual interviews |
United States |
15-18 |
N = 18 (5 females, 13 males) |
Varjas et al. 4747. Varjas K, Talley J, Meyers J, Parris L, Cutts H. High school students' perceptions of motivations for cyberbullying: an exploratory study. West J Emerg Med 2010; 11:269-73. |
Describe perspectives of adolescents on motivations for cyberbullying |
Individual interviews |
United States |
15-19 |
N = 20 (7 females, 13 males) |
Wright 6565. Wright MF. Cybervictims' emotional responses, attributions, and coping strategies for cyber victimization: a qualitative approach. Safer Communities 2016; 15:160-9. |
Analyze characteristics of cyberbullying victims, their emotional responses, and coping strategies |
Individual interviews |
United States |
12-14 |
N = 76 (39 females, 37 males) |