Consecuencias en la alimentación de niños huérfanos tras la muerte materna: una investigación mediante softwares de minería de textos

Salazar-López, María Esther; Vanin, Aline Aver; Cazella, Silvio César; Levandowski, Daniela Centenaro

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ARTIGO • Cad. Saúde Pública 36 (3) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00189717 copiar

Consecuencias en la alimentación de niños huérfanos tras la muerte materna: una investigación mediante softwares de minería de textos

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

El objetivo del trabajo fue describir las consecuencias en la lactancia y la alimentación que tendrán los niños huérfanos menores de cinco años, como consecuencia de la muerte materna, aplicando softwares libres de minería de textos. Se trata de un estudio transversal, a partir de los artículos publicados en los repositorios PubMed y BIREME, sobre los temas muerte materna y niños huérfanos. Se seleccionaron diez artículos, publicados entre 2005-2015, de acceso libre en los que se había leído solamente el título o el resumen y que cumplían con los criterios. Los archivos de texto definieron el corpus para el análisis de contenido semiestructurado. Se incluyeron palabras claves para la minería. El análisis del corpus se realizó con TagCrowd y Textalyser para el análisis de los términos más y menos frecuentes, AntConc y Voyant Tools, para extraer palabras-clave en el análisis de contexto. Se analizaron 67.642 palabras en diez textos semiestructurados. Los términos CHILDREN (827) y DEATH (821) fueron los más frecuentes, mientras que los menos frecuentes fueron BREASTFEEDING (10) y NUTRITION (4). Se encontraron 44 concordancias para el término raíz BREAST* y 25 para la palabra NUTRITION en oraciones como: “niños huérfanos tienen aumento de riesgo de mortalidad por ausencia de la lactancia, siendo más susceptibles a las infecciones”. Las frases de concordancia indican que el cambio en la lactancia materna conduce a una nutrición pobre, dejando al recién nacido expuesto a infecciones e incrementándose el riesgo de muerte. El procesamiento de texto con las herramientas libres fue rápido y permitió extraer información útil y comprensible; el análisis de los diez artículos mostró las consecuencias en la alimentación del niño tras la muerte materna, teniendo un efecto en la morbilidad y mortalidad infantil.

Palabras-clave:
Mortalidad Infantil; Niños Huérfanos; Lactancia Materna; Desnutrición; Gestión de la Información

ID	Título do artigo	Referência (ano de publicação/periódico)	Número e palavras mais frequentes
1_ClarkS	Young Children’s Probability of Dying Before and After Their Mother’s Death: A Rural South African Population-Based Surveillance Study	Clark et al. ²⁷27. Clark SJ, Kahn K, Houle B, Arteche A, Collinson MA, Tollman SM, et al. Young children's probability of dying before and after their mother's death: a rural South African population-based surveillance study. PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001409. (2013/PLoS Medicine)	8,716 Death (157), mothers (136), child (94), children (89), period (68), health (53), HIV (45), mortality (43), AIDS (42), Africa (40)
2_FinlayJ	The Effects of Maternal Mortality on Infant and Child Survival in Rural Tanzania: A Cohort Study	Finlay et al. ²⁹29. Finlay JE, Moucheraud C, Goshev S, Levira F, Mrema S, Canning D, et al. The effects of maternal mortality on infant and child survival in rural Tanzania: a cohort study. Matern Child Health J 2015; 19:2393-402. (2015/Maternal and Child Health Journal)	6,351 Death (138), maternal (132), survival (116), children (79), child (62), mortality (58), birth (29), orphaned (26), infant (22), household (15)
3_DoringM	Factors Associated with Instutionalization of Children Orphaned by AIDS in a Population-Based Survey in Porto Alegre, Brazil	Doring et al. ³⁵35. Doring M, Franca Junior I, Stella I. Factors associated with institutionalization of children orphaned by AIDS in a population-based survey in Porto Alegre, Brazil. AIDS 2005; 19 Suppl 4:S59-63. (2005/AIDS)	3,956 AIDS (70), children (67), orphans (47), mothers (33), institutionalization (32), HIV (28), child (23), family (17), health (16), father (13)
4_HouleB	The Impacts of Maternal Mortality and Cause of Death on Children’s Risk of Dying in Rural South Africa: Evidence from a Population Based Surveillance Study (1992-2013)	Houle et al. ³⁶36. Houle B, Clark S, Kahn K, Tollman S, Yamin A. The impacts of maternal mortality and cause of death on children's risk of dying in rural South Africa: evidence from a population based surveillance study (1992-2013). Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S7. (2015/Reproductive Health)	6,860 Death (133), maternal (101), mothers (76), health (76), child (70), children (67), survival (56), mortality (54), HIV (50), Africa (45)
5_MollaM	Impacts of Maternal Mortality on Living Children and Families: A Qualitative Study from Butajira, Ethiopia	Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6. (2015/Reproductive Health)	7,339 Health (95), maternal (89), children (73), family (66), death (50), mothers (46), care (42), mortality (36), child (34), rural (26)
6_MoucheraudC	Consequences of Maternal Mortality on Infant and Child Survival: A 25-Year Longitudinal Analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011)	Moucheraud et al. ¹⁴14. Moucheraud C, Worku A, Molla M, Finlay JE, Leaning J, Yamin AE. Consequences of maternal mortality on infant and child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011). Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S4. (2015/Reproductive Health)	6,436 Death (120), maternal (105), children (96), survival (66), mothers (64), mortality (45), health (40), women (40), child (29), care (28)
7_OladokunR	Comparison of Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Orphans and Non-Orphans among HIV-Positive Children in Ibadan, Nigeria	Oladokun et al. ²⁵25. Oladokun R, Brown B, Aiyetan P, Ayodele O, Osinusi K. Comparison of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of orphans and non-orphans among HIV-positive children in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13:462-8. (2009/International Journal of Infectious Diseases)	4,925 Orphans (103), children (74), AIDS (43), HIV (42), age (32), care (24), family (24), parents (20), health (15), caregivers (13)
8_RonsmansC	Effect of Parent’s Death on Child Survival in Rural Bangladesh: A Cohort Study	Ronsmans et al. ²⁶26. Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Dasgupta S, Ahmed A, Koblinsky M. Effect of parent's death on child survival in rural Bangladesh: a cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375:2024-31. (2010/Lancet)	7,136 Mothers (127), death (95), survival (95), child (95), children (70), father (66), died (60), age (46), mortality (27), health (23)
9_KnihtL	“Without a Mother”: Caregivers and Community Members’ Views about the Impacts of Maternal Mortality on Families in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Kniht et al. ³⁰30. Knight L, Yamin AE. "Without a mother": qualitative findings about the impacts of maternal mortality on families in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S5. (2015/Reproductive Health)	9,463 Children (120), family (120), maternal (116), south (73), mortality (71), death (65), care (64), Africa (62), mother (60), child (59)
10_YaminA	Costs of Inaction on Maternal Mortality: Qualitative Evidence of the Impacts of Maternal Deaths on Living Children in Tanzania	Yamin et al. ³²32. Yamin AE, Boulanger VM, Falb KL, Shuma J, Leaning J. Costs of inaction on maternal mortality: qualitative evidence of the impacts of maternal deaths on living children in Tanzania. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71674. (2013/PLoS One)	6,460 Maternal (104), children (92), health (61), orphans (59), death (50), family (48), mortality (40), care (34), women (34), child (26)

Hit *	Sentença/Palavra BREAST* (44)	Sentença/Palavra NUTRITION (25)	Texto
2/6	“did not have data on child nutrition, including BREASTFEEDING or complementary feeding”	“did not have data on child NUTRITION, including breastfeeding”	Clark et al. ²⁷27. Clark SJ, Kahn K, Houle B, Arteche A, Collinson MA, Tollman SM, et al. Young children's probability of dying before and after their mother's death: a rural South African population-based surveillance study. PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001409.
5	“increased mortality risk following lack of BREASTFEEDING: directly via malnutrition, and indirectly”		Finlay et al. ²⁹29. Finlay JE, Moucheraud C, Goshev S, Levira F, Mrema S, Canning D, et al. The effects of maternal mortality on infant and child survival in rural Tanzania: a cohort study. Matern Child Health J 2015; 19:2393-402.
7/10	“early and exclusive BREASTFEEDING, a nutritional advantage only a mother”	“early and exclusive breastfeeding, a NUTRITIONAL advantage only a mother can provide”	Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6.
8	“mainly lack of proper feeding, especially BREAST FEEDING, due to lack of a mother”		Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6.
9/12	“nutrition of children who were BREASTFED and cared for by their mothers”	“uniformly expressed that the growth and NUTRITION of children who were breastfed”	Molla et al. ²⁸28. Molla M, Mitiku I, Worku A, Yamin AE. Impacts of maternal mortality on living children and families: a qualitative study from Butajira, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S6.
21/22	“resulting lack of nutritional support from BREASTFEEDING leaves the baby vulnerable to malnutrition”	“lack of NUTRITIONAL support from breastfeeding leaves the baby vulnerable to MALNUTTRITION	Moucheraud et al. ¹⁴14. Moucheraud C, Worku A, Molla M, Finlay JE, Leaning J, Yamin AE. Consequences of maternal mortality on infant and child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011). Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S4.
27	“abrupt cessation of BREASTFEEDING, but the persistence of the effects up to 10 years of age suggests that the absence of maternal care might be a crucial factor”		Ronsmans et al. ²⁶26. Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Dasgupta S, Ahmed A, Koblinsky M. Effect of parent's death on child survival in rural Bangladesh: a cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375:2024-31.
34	“the child’s ﬁrst birthday, BREASTFEEDING is abruptly stopped”		Ronsmans et al. ²⁶26. Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Dasgupta S, Ahmed A, Koblinsky M. Effect of parent's death on child survival in rural Bangladesh: a cohort study. Lancet 2010; 375:2024-31.
39	“benefits of bonding with and being BREASTFED by their mother”		Kniht et al. ³⁰30. Knight L, Yamin AE. "Without a mother": qualitative findings about the impacts of maternal mortality on families in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Reprod Health 2015; 12 Suppl 1:S5.

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[1] Correspondência
M. E. Salazar-López Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brasil. m.esthersalazar@gmail.com