In the introduction, the author discusses the current debate on the "Reforma Sanitária"; a proposal to innovate health policy. The author draws attention to the different meanings that can be attributed, in his opinion, to the use of this term in Brazil. He focusses particularly on the meaning closer to that of the Italian proposal of the same name ("Riforma Sanitaria"). The discussion leads the author to question the relationship between the characteristics of the contemporary political liberal organization and the Gramsci-Togliattian strategy of the transition in socialism, within the field of "Public Policies" and more specifically ''Social Policies". The article ends with a preliminary outline a comparative investigation in this field.