<i>Má nutrição em díades mãe-filho no</i> Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil <i>(ENANI-2019)</i>

Farias, Dayana Rodrigues; Anjos, Luiz Antonio dos; Freitas, Maiara Brusco de; Berti, Talita Lelis; Andrade, Pedro Gomes; Alves-Santos, Nadya Helena; Leite, Maria Alvim; Raymundo, Carlos Eduardo; Lacerda, Elisa Maria de Aquino; Boccolini, Cristiano Siqueira; Castro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de; Kac, Gilberto; ,

Dayana Rodrigues Farias

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-8375

Luiz Antonio dos Anjos

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Departamento de Nutrição Social, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-6912

Maiara Brusco de Freitas

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-8918

Talita Lelis Berti

contributed to the data processing and analysis

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-7126

Pedro Gomes Andrade

contributed to the data processing and analysis

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0098-6047

Nadya Helena Alves-Santos

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Belém, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-6787

Maria Alvim Leite

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1160-3512

Carlos Eduardo Raymundo

contributed to the data processing and analysis

article writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-4403

Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-4278

Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini

contributedto the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-5641

Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7479-4400

Gilberto Kac

contributed to the study conception and design

writing, and review

approved the final version

Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8603-9077

Brazilian Consortium on Child Nutrition
8 Other members of the Brazilian Consortium on Child Nutrition Letícia B. Vertulli Carneiro, Neilane Bertoni, Paula Normando, Raquel Machado Schincaglia.

non-byline-author
Letícia B. Vertulli Carneiro

non-byline-author
Neilane Bertoni

non-byline-author
Paula Normando

non-byline-author
Raquel Machado Schincaglia

Correspondence
G. Kac Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 29, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brasil. gilberto.kac@gmail.com

Additional information

ORCID: Dayana Rodrigues Farias (0000-0003-0278-8375); Luiz Antonio dos Anjos (0000-0002-5257-6912); Maiara Brusco de Freitas (0000-0003-1737-8918); Maria Alvim Leite (0000-0002-2774-7126); Nadya Helena Alves-Santos (0000-0002-0098-6047); Pedro Gomes Andrade (0000-0002-3964-6787); Talita Lelis Berti (0000-0003-1160-3512); Carlos Eduardo Raymundo (0000-0002-4150-4403); Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda (0000-0002-1830-4278); Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini (0000-0002-4804-5641); Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro (0000-0002-7479-4400); Gilberto Kac (0000-0001-8603-9077).

8
Other members of the Brazilian Consortium on Child Nutrition

Letícia B. Vertulli Carneiro, Neilane Bertoni, Paula Normando, Raquel Machado Schincaglia.

CHILD
Stunting	HAZ < -2
Wasting	BAZ < -2 (all ages) WHZ < -2 (all ages) BAZ < -2 (age ≥ 2 years old) or WHZ < -2 (age < 2 years old)
Underweight	WAZ < -2
Overweight	BAZ > 2 (all ages) WHZ > 2 (all ages) BAZ > 2 (age ≥ 2 years old) or WHZ > 2 (age < 2 years old)
MOTHER
Underweight	Adolescents (age < 20 years old ): BAZ < -2 Adults: BMI < 18.5kg/m²
Overweight	Adolescents (age < 20 years old): BAZ > 1 Adults: BMI ≥ 25.0kg/m²
MOTHER-CHILD DYADS
Overweight	Overweight mother and child (BAZ) Overweight mother and child (WHZ) Overweight mother and child (BAZ or WHZ)
Undernourished	Underweight mother and child stunting Underweight mother and child wasting (BAZ) Underweight mother and child wasting (WHZ) Underweight mother and child wasting (BAZ or WHZ)
Forms of double burden of malnutrition	Overweight mother and child stunting Overweight mother and child wasting (BAZ) Overweight mother and child wasting (WHZ) Overweight mother and child wasting (BAZ or WHZ) Overweight mother and undernourished child (stunting, wasting, or underweight)

Forms of malnutrition	%	95%CI	CV (%) *	Mother-child dyads (x 1,000) **
Overweight
Overweight mother and child (BAZ)	6.4	5.4; 7.4	8.1	889.2
Overweight mother and child (WHZ)	6.0	5.0; 7.1	8.7	841.1
Overweight mother and child (WHZ or BAZ)	7.8	6.5; 9.1	8.4	1,085.0
Undernourished
Underweight mother and child stunting	0.3	0.2; 0.5	28.8	48.5
Underweight mother and child wasting (BAZ)	0.3	0.1; 0.5	33.5	43.7
Underweight mother and child wasting (WHZ)	0.4	0.1; 0.6	31.3	51.3
Underweight mother and child wasting (WHZ or BAZ)	0.4	0.1; 0.6	31.0	51.7
Double burden of malnutrition decomposition
Overweight mother and child stunting	3.5	2.9; 4.2	9.1	491.0
Overweight mother and child wasting (BAZ)	1.5	1.1; 2.0	15.4	213.3
Overweight mother and child wasting (WHZ)	1.4	0.9; 1.9	18.9	195.1
Overweight mother and child wasting (WHZ or BAZ)	2.3	1.6; 3.0	15.9	314.2
Overweight mother and undernourished child (stunting, wasting, or underweight)	5.2	4.3; 6.1	9.0	727.0

Characteristics	%	95%CI	CV (%)	Mother-child dyads (x 1,000) **
Brazilian macroregions
North	6.0	4.4; 7.7	14.1	91.5
Northeast	7.6	5.5; 9.8	14.4	290.9
Southeast	8.2	5.5; 10.9	16.7	456.4
South	9.7	7.5; 11.9	11.5	183.7
Central-West	5.4	4.3; 6.6	10.9	62.5
National Wealth Score (tertiles)
1st	7.0	5.9; 8.2	8.2	322.8
2nd	7.9	6.2; 9.6	10.7	371.7
3rd	8.4	5.8; 11.1	16.1	390.5
Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA)
Food security	8.6	6.8; 10.5	10.8	624.7
Mild insecurity	6.9	5.7; 8.1	8.7	365.7
Moderate or severe insecurity	6.6	3.2; 10.1	26.3	94.6
Sewage
General network	8.1	6.6; 9.7	9.6	846.4
Other	6.7	5.0; 8.5	13.2	238.6
Child age (years)
< 2	5.9	4.7; 7.1	10.3	327.5
≥ 2	9.1	7.4; 10.8	9.6	757.6
Child sex
Male	8.4	6.6; 10.3	11.1	599.2
Female	7.1	5.8; 8.4	9.4	485.8
Child race/skin color
White	8.1	5.9; 10.3	13.7	467.8
Mixed-race	7.3	6.1; 8.6	8.5	528.5
Black	8.6	5.4; 11.8	18.8	77.5
Maternal educational level (completed years)
0-7	8.4	6.0; 10.9	14.8	250.1
8-10	7.4	5.7; 9.1	11.6	219.3
11	7.8	6.5; 9.2	9.0	439.7
≥ 12	7.3	4.2; 10.4	21.5	176.0
Maternal age (years)
< 20	6.6	3.5; 9.7	23.9	61.2
20-29	7.3	6.0; 8.7	9.4	505.2
30-39	8.5	6.5; 10.6	12.2	444.6
≥ 40	8.2	4.9; 11.4	20.4	74.0
Mother lives with partner
Yes	7.7	6.2; 9.2	9.9	788.6
No	8.1	6.1; 10.0	12.2	296.4

Characteristics	%	95%CI	CV (%)	Mother-child dyads (x 1,000) **
Brazilian macroregions
North	3.3	1.7; 4.9	24.6	49.8
Northeast	3.5	2.2; 4.7	18.3	132.2
Southeast	3.8	2.7; 4.9	14.7	209.3
South	3.6	1.9; 5.3	24.7	68.0
Central-West	2.7	2.1; 3.4	11.9	31.6
National Wealth Scale (tertiles)
1st	3.7	2.9; 4.6	11.5	172.1
2nd	4.3	2.8; 5.8	17.4	201.8
3rd	2.5	1.3; 3.8	24.7	117.1
Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA)
Food security	3.9	2.9; 4.9	12.8	282.5
Mild insecurity	2.9	2.0; 3.9	15.7	155.7
Moderate or severe insecurity	3.7	2.1; 5.3	21.9	52.8
Sewage
General network	3.7	3.0; 4.5	10.5	389.6
Other	2.9	1.9; 3.8	17.0	101.4
Child age (years)
< 2	4.5	3.5; 5.5	10.9	251.4
≥ 2	2.9	2.1; 3.7	14.1	239.6
Child sex
Male	4.0	3.0; 4.9	12.0	282.0
Female	3.1	2.2; 3.9	13.7	209.0
Child race/skin color
White	3.0	2.1; 3.9	14.8	173.9
Mixed-race	3.9	2.9; 5.0	13.7	283.2
Black	3.1	1.3; 4.9	29.4	27.7
Maternal educational level (completed years)
0-7	4.8	3.2; 6.5	17.7	143.9
8-10	3.8	2.5; 5.1	17.8	111.3
11	3.3	2.4; 4.2	14.6	185.2
≥ 12	2.1	1.2; 3.0	22.6	50.6
Maternal age (years)
< 20	2.2	0.5; 3.8	38.7	20.3
20-29	3.2	2.5; 3.9	11.3	218.5
30-39	4.2	3.1; 5.2	13.0	217.5
≥ 40	3.8	1.6; 6.1	30.0	34.6
Mother lives with partner
Yes	3.5	2.8; 4.2	10.0	362.4
No	3.5	2.3; 4.7	17.5	128.6

Characteristics	%	95%CI	CV (%)	Mother-child dyads (x 1,000) **
Brazilian macroregions
North	3.8	2.2; 5.4	21.8	57.9
Northeast	5.4	3.8; 7.1	15.6	208.3
Southeast	5.7	3.8; 7.5	16.5	315.8
South	5.0	3.2; 6.8	18.1	94.3
Central-West	4.4	3.0; 5.8	16.4	50.7
National Wealth Scale(tertiles)
1st	5.3	4.4; 6.2	8.5	243.6
2nd	6.4	4.6; 8.2	14.2	300.4
3rd	3.9	2.3; 5.6	21.4	183.1
Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA)
Food security	5.3	3.9; 6.6	12.8	380.9
Mild insecurity	5.0	3.9; 6.2	11.3	265.7
Moderate or severe insecurity	5.6	3.4; 7.8	19.9	80.3
Sewage
General network	5.6	4.4; 6.8	10.7	580.7
Other	4.1	3.0; 5.2	13.5	146.3
Child age (years)
< 2	6.6	5.2; 8.0	10.8	369.8
≥ 2	4.3	3.2; 5.3	12.7	357.2
Child sex
Male	5.6	4.4; 6.8	11.0	394.4
Female	4.9	3.6; 6.2	13.5	332.6
Child race/skin color
White	4.8	3.8; 5.9	11.4	278.9
Mixed-race	5.3	4.0; 6.6	12.9	381.5
Black	6.7	3.1; 10.4	27.5	60.5
Maternal educational level (completed years)
0-7	7.3	5.1; 9.5	15.1	216.9
8-10	5.2	3.7; 6.8	14.6	155.0
11	4.7	3.3; 6.1	15.0	263.1
≥ 12	3.8	2.3; 5.4	20.7	91.9
Maternal age (years)
< 20	3.9	1.7; 6.1	28.7	36.2
20-29	4.2	3.3; 5.2	11.5	290.3
30-39	6.2	4.9; 7.4	10.7	320.3
≥ 40	8.9	4.0; 13.7	27.7	80.2
Mother lives with partner
Yes	5.3	4.3; 6.3	9.6	547.6
No	4.9	3.2; 6.6	17.8	179.4

[1] Correspondence
G. Kac Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J, 2° andar, sala 29, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brasil. gilberto.kac@gmail.com

Brasil

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Má nutrição em díades mãe-filho no Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019)

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