Optimized conditions to produce water-in-oil-in-water nanoemulsion and spray-dried nanocapsule of red ginseng extract

MIN, Ji-Young; AHN, Sung-Il; LEE, Yun-Kyung; KWAK, Hae-Soo; CHANG, Yoon Hyuk

doi:10.1590/fst.09517

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol 38 (3) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.09517 copy

Optimized conditions to produce water-in-oil-in-water nanoemulsion and spray-dried nanocapsule of red ginseng extract

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to optimize conditions for producing water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) nanoemulsion and spray-dried nanocapsule of red ginseng extract. Based on emulsion stability and average particle size analysis, optimum conditions to produce W/O/W nanoemulsion were: ratio of core to coating material, 3:7; primary emulsifier, 10% polyglycerol polyricinoleate; ratio of W/O phase to coating material, 1.5:8.5; secondary emulsifier, 10% polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate; solvent, 20% ethyl acetate; secondary coating material, 10% maltodextrin (MD). Under these optimized conditions, particle size of spray-dried nanocapsules coated with MD of red ginseng ranged from 100 nm to 500 nm, based on response surface methodology with the highest yield (up to 99.7%). Results of the present study can be used to further optimize conditions to produce W/O/W nanoemulsion and spray-dried nanocapsule of red ginseng extract.

Keywords:
red ginseng extract; nanoemulsion; spray-dried nanocapsule; response surface methodology

Factors	Symbol	Coded levels
Factors	Symbol	-1	0	1
W/O ratio	X ₁	2: 8	2.5: 7.5	3: 7
1^st emulsifier (%)	X ₂	6	8	10
W/O/W ratio	X ₃	1: 16	1: 18	1: 20
2^nd emulsifier (%)	X ₄	6	8	10

HLB	Ratio of core to coating material
HLB	1:9	2:8	3:7	4:6
0.6	97.8 ± 0.3^aA	96.8 ± 0.4^bA	97.3 ± 0.5^aA	87 ± 1^cA
3.0	92.9 ± 0.6^aB	85.3 ± 0.5^bB	77 ± 1^cB	67 ± 2^dB
4.0	91.3 ± 0.7^aC	84.2 ± 0.9^bC	72 ± 2^cC	62 ± 1^dC
4.3	87 ± 2^aD	63.8 ± 0.3^bD	59 ± 1^cD	51 ± 3^dD

HLB	Ratio of core to coating material
HLB	1.0:9.0	1.5:8.5	2.0:8.0	2.5:7.5	3.0:7.0
13.0	92.9±0.3^aB	85.7±0.4^bC	82.1±0.2^cB	75.0±0.4^dC	70.6±0.3^eC
14.5	99.48±0.06^aA	98.7±0.1^aB	97.32±0.06^bA	95.67±0.04^cB	94.93±0.05^dB
16.7	99.74±0.04^aA	99.59±0.04^aA	97.26±0.03^bA	96.40±0.03^cA	95.1±0.1^dA

Term	Yield (Y₁)				Particle size (Y₂)
Term	Coefficient	Standard error	T-value	P-value	Coefficient	Standard error	T-value	P-value
Constant	57.8118	17.6470	3.276	0.005	1402.16	346.618	4.045	0.001
Linear
X ₁	-4.0797	5.3345	-0.765	0.456	-52.23	104.779	-0.499	0.625
X ₂	0.7246	1.0405	0.696	0.496	-59.83	20.438	-1.028	0.319
X ₃	-0.1431	2.2324	-0.064	0.950	-116.47	22.078	-5.275	0.000
X ₄	9.4610	1.1241	8.417	0.000	11.50	19.202	0.599	0.558
Quadratic
X ₁ ²	0.9300	0.9776	0.951	0.356	11.50	19.202	0.599	0.558
X ₂ ²	0.0407	0.0547	0.745	0.467	0.81	1.075	0.755	0.461
X ₃ ²	-0.0081	0.0611	-0.133	0.896	0.88	1.200	0.737	0.472
X ₄ ²	-0.4394	0.0611	-7.191	0.000	2.38	1.200	1.987	0.064
Interaction
X ₁ X ₂	-0.0956	0.1001	-0.955	0.354	0.82	1.966	0.415	0.684
X ₁ X ₃	0.0494	0.1001	0.493	0.628	-1.74	1.966	-0.884	0.390
X ₁ X ₄	-0.0856	0.1001	-0.856	0.405	2.43	1.966	1.237	0.234
X ₂ X ₃	0.0283	0.0250	1.130	0.275	0.54	0.491	1.108	0.284
X ₂ X ₄	-0.1561	0.0250	-6.238	0.000	3.27	0.491	6.646	0.000
X ₃ X ₄	0.0108	0.0250	0.431	0.672	1.49	0.491	3.036	0.008
r ²				0.9814				0.9751

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[1] * Corresponding author: yhchang@khu.ac.kr