Effects of microbial preparation on production performance and rumen microbial communities of goat

YUAN, Kaixin; MA, Jiayin; LIANG, Xuhui; TIAN, Guangjie; LIU, Yuyang; ZHOU, Guangchen; CHEN, Yulin; YANG, Yuxin

doi:10.1590/fst.117622

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 43 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.117622 copy

Effects of microbial preparation on production performance and rumen microbial communities of goat

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Abstract

This study explored effects of microbial preparation (MIP, developed by our research team) on production performance and body health of Boer goat to reveal the function of it in goat breeding industry. Compound yeast and enzyme preparation (CYP) was used to compare the function of MIP. Healthy male Boer goats (n = 15, BW = 25.31±4.06 kg) were allocated randomly into three groups as NC (Basal diet), MI (Basal diet + MIP) and CY (Basal diet + CYP). This study lasted for 71 days including 15 days for adaptation and 56 days for growth trial. Both MIP and CYP enhanced production performance such as average daily gain of goats, MIP enhanced the level of fat synthesis such as total cholesterol level significantly on day 28. As for rumen fermentation and microbial communities of goat, MIP decreased rumen pH. PCoA analysis showed that the rumen bacterial community on day 28 was significantly separated. In conclusion, MIP increased production performance, ameliorating rumen fermentation and shifting microflora. Our findings provide the evidence for the influence of probiotics on goat production performance as well as health condition.

Keywords:
probiotic preparation; production performance; rumen fermentation; rumen microflora; goat

Ingredients	Content	Nutrient composition² 2 All data was measured except for ME. Note: Components of MIP: Bacillus subtilis ≥ 5.0×107 CFU/g, Bacillus licheniformis ≥ 1.0×108 CFU/g, yeast ≥ 1.0×108 CFU/g; components of CYP: Total Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells (DM) ≥ 10×108 CFU/g, cellulose activity ≥ 3 000 U/g, xylanase activity ≥ 2 000 U/g, β - glucanase activity ≥ 15 000 U/g, amylase activity ≥ 20 000 U/g, protease activity ≥ 2 000 U/g and some other fermented metabolites.	Content
Corn stover	39.00	DM	88.90
Corn	22.81	CP	12.90
Alfalfa meal	16.46	Ca	0.84
Wheat bran	6.00	Total P	0.52
Cottonseed meal	5.00	CF	14.30
Rapeseed meal	4.00	EE	1.67
Soybean meal	2.77	Ash	6.72
CaHPO₄	1.48	ME(MJ/kg)	11.88
Premix¹ 1 The premix was: Cu 500 mg, Zn 2 500 mg, Mn 2 500 mg, I 30 mg, Se 10 mg, Co 35 mg, VA 150 000 IU, VD 60 000 IU, VE 1 500 IU;	1.50
NaHCO₃	0.50
NaCl	0.48

Items	Treatments¹ 1 Treatments: NC (basal diet without probiotic preparation); MI (basal diet with MIP, 60 g/goat/day); CY (basal diet with CYP, 20 g/goat/day);			SEM³ 3 SEM: Standard error of the mean.	P-value
Items	NC	MI	CY	SEM³ 3 SEM: Standard error of the mean.	P-value
ADG² 2 ADG: Average daily gain. (1 d-28 d)	19.29	50.00	67.14	17.869	0.577
ADG (29 d-56 d)	67.14	117.14	117.14	17.010	0.606
ADG (1 d-56 d)	86.43	167.14	184.29	30.566	0.407

Items	Day	Treatments¹ 1 Treatments: NC (basal diet without probiotic preparation); MI (basal diet with MIP, 60 g/goat/day); CY (basal diet with CYP, 20 g/goat/day);			SEM	P-value
Items	Day	NC	MI	CY	SEM	P-value
GLU (mmol/L)² 2 GLU: glucose;	28 d	0.24	0.93	0.61	0.145	0.128
GLU (mmol/L)² 2 GLU: glucose;	56 d	1.26	1.56	1.64	0.122	0.446
TC (mmol/L)³ 3 TC: total cholesterol;	28 d	1.43^b	1.76^a	1.61^ab	0.057	0.049
TC (mmol/L)³ 3 TC: total cholesterol;	56 d	1.24	1.42	1.38	0.063	0.186
TG (mmol/L)⁴ 4 TG: triglyceride;	28 d	0.43	0.40	0.56	0.045	0.315
TG (mmol/L)⁴ 4 TG: triglyceride;	56 d	0.47	0.68	0.65	0.080	0.555
UREA (mmol/L)	28 d	7.29	7.88	8.01	0.253	0.498
UREA (mmol/L)	56 d	9.03	8.36	8.67	0.243	0.565
AcCoA (mmol/L)⁵ 5 AcCoA: acetyl coenzyme A;	28 d	53.35	51.58	51.63	1.190	0.865
AcCoA (mmol/L)⁵ 5 AcCoA: acetyl coenzyme A;	56 d	62.15	59.80	61.11	1.348	0.746
BHBA (mmol/L)⁶ 6 BHBA: Hydroxybutyric acid; Antioxidant capacity:	28 d	0.22	0.22	0.20	0.006	0.323
	56 d	0.24	0.23	0.21	0.007	0.236
MDA (nmol/mL)⁷ 7 MDA: malonaldehyde;	28 d	3.57	4.24	4.14	0.155	0.168
MDA (nmol/mL)⁷ 7 MDA: malonaldehyde;	56 d	4.35	4.43	4.28	0.387	0.950
SOD (U/mL)⁸ 8 SOD: superoxide dismutase;	28 d	81.79	100.05	99.40	4.469	0.170
SOD (U/mL)⁸ 8 SOD: superoxide dismutase;	56 d	78.82	88.79	74.96	3.263	0.212
T-AOC(U/mL)⁹ 9 T-AOC: total antioxidant capacity.	28 d	11.79	13.61	13.44	0.419	0.147
T-AOC(U/mL)⁹ 9 T-AOC: total antioxidant capacity.	56 d	10.75	10.95	10.05	0.318	0.509

Items	Day	Treatments¹ 1 Treatments: NC (basal diet without probiotic preparation); MI (basal diet with MIP, 60 g/goat/day); CY (basal diet with CYP, 20 g/goat/day);			SEM	P-value
Items	Day	NC	MI	CY	SEM	P-value
pH	28 d	6.93^ab	6.77^b	7.14^a	0.070	0.090
pH	56 d	6.80	6.50	6.80	0.067	0.110
Acetic acid (mmol/L)	28 d	48.67	49.26	50.29	2.711	0.975
Acetic acid (mmol/L)	56 d	56.85	72.43	70.99	4.472	0.318
Propionic acid (mmol/L)	28 d	9.93	10.93	10.22	0.571	0.797
Propionic acid (mmol/L)	56 d	12.19	13.91	14.64	0.836	0.515
Butyric acid (mmol/L)	28 d	6.66	10.06	8.80	0.720	0.147
Butyric acid (mmol/L)	56 d	9.49	9.07	10.87	0.976	0.770
Isobutyric acid (mmol/L)	28 d	0.86	1.04	0.93	0.054	0.420
Isobutyric acid (mmol/L)	56 d	0.77	0.69	0.86	0.051	0.447
Valeric aicd (mmol/L)	28 d	0.44	0.64	0.59	0.048	0.212
Valeric aicd (mmol/L)	56 d	0.55	0.53	0.67	0.050	0.527
Isovaleric aicd (mmol/L)	28 d	1.11	1.21	1.20	0.064	0.820
Isovaleric aicd (mmol/L)	56 d	0.84	0.73	0.95	0.065	0.434
TVFA² 2 TVFA: total volatile fatty acid. (mmol/L)	28 d	67.67	73.15	72.02	3.701	0.844
TVFA² 2 TVFA: total volatile fatty acid. (mmol/L)	56 d	80.69	97.34	98.96	5.862	0.408
Acetic acid /Propionic acid	28 d	4.86	4.57	4.98	0.158	0.604
Acetic acid /Propionic acid	56 d	4.67	5.25	4.83	0.131	0.286

Items	Day	Treatments¹ 1 Treatments: NC (basal diet without probiotic preparation); MI (basal diet with MIP, 60 g/goat/day); CY (basal diet with CYP, 20 g/goat/day).			SEM	P-value
Items	Day	NC	MI	CY	SEM	P-value
Coverage (%)	28 d	99.22	98.58	99.16	0.203	0.395
Coverage (%)	56 d	98.47	98.56	98.62	0.288	0.980
Sobs	28 d	569.80	775.00	591.40	51.576	0.212
Sobs	56 d	707.40	746.00	762.40	69.300	0.953
Ace	28 d	595.61	829.81	623.59	59.669	0.227
Ace	56 d	770.37	808.00	815.35	81.620	0.975
Chao 1	28 d	597.74	826.82	620.87	59.065	0.230
Chao 1	56 d	767.65	804.22	812.09	80.920	0.976
Shannon	28 d	5.33	5.95	5.55	0.126	0.115
Shannon	56 d	5.58	5.87	5.83	0.102	0.317
Shannoneven	28 d	0.84	0.90	0.87	0.014	0.165
	56 d	0.86	0.90	0.89	0.009	0.421
	56 d	0.88^b	0.90^ab	0.91^a	0.006	0.016

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[1] *Corresponding author: yxyang@nwafu.edu.cn