Determination of active compounds in raspberry leaf extracts and the effects of extract intake on mice

YANG, Jing; CUI, Jingyan; HAN, Hongjuan; CHEN, Jinxiang; YAO, Jingyang; LIU, Yongping

doi:10.1590/fst.35518

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 40 (1) • Jan-Mar 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.35518 copy

Determination of active compounds in raspberry leaf extracts and the effects of extract intake on mice

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Abstract

Twelve typical polyphenols in raspberry leaf powder (RLP), raspberry leaf extract 1 (RLE) and raspberry leaf extract 2 (RLE-H) were analyzed by HPLC-MS. The sum of their contents in three samples were in the following order: RLP (8.6 mg g^-1) < RLE (35.0 mg g^-1) < RLE-H (44.1 mg g^-1). Ellagic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide were the principal compounds in the samples and accounted for more than 75% of the sum content. A gelled mixture of RLE, pectin, and sodium alginate administrated to mice via gavage resulted in reduced weight gain and adiposity percentage, increased teste percentage, prolonged exhaustion time, furthermore alleviated intestinal flatulence possibly induced by RLE or RLE-H alone. These results could help in making rational use of this high polyphenol extract from raspberry leaves.

Keywords:
Rubus idaeus var. reveille; raspberry leaf extract; polyphenols; exhaustive time

Peaks	t_R min	Compounds	Identification	Mass (m/z)		RLP μg g^-1 DW	RLE μg g^-1 DW	RLE-H μg g^-1 DW	Multiplier^a a Multiplier = (RLE‒RLP)/RLP×100; (%)	Multiplier^b b Multiplier= (RLE-H‒RLE)/RLE×100. (%)
Peaks	t_R min	Compounds	Identification	[M-H]^- Fragments		RLP μg g^-1 DW	RLE μg g^-1 DW	RLE-H μg g^-1 DW	Multiplier^a a Multiplier = (RLE‒RLP)/RLP×100; (%)	Multiplier^b b Multiplier= (RLE-H‒RLE)/RLE×100. (%)
1	2.49	Chlorogenic acid (CA)	Polyphenol	353.0893		229.37 ± 10.66a	1458.36 ± 120.35c	1321.60 ± 65.23b	535.80	(9.38)
2	2.63	(+)-Catechin (C)	Flavan-3-ol	289.0730		19.32 ± 1.13a	23.20 ± 3.25a	60.03 ± 0.28b		158.75
3	2.69	Brevifolin carboxylic acid (BCA)	Polyphenol	291.0135	247.0249	54.27 ± 2.74a	1499.17 ± 45.69c	1341.53 ± 110.23b	2662.63	(10.52)
4	2.74	Proanthocyanidin B1 (B1)	Flavan-3-ol	577.1376	289.0731	35.25 ± 2.27a	35.75 ± 3.93a	44.67 ± 9.85b		24.95
5	3.91	(-)-Epicatechin (EC)	Flavan-3-ol	289.0730		40.36 ± 3.64a	41.65 ± 8.66a	109.42 ± 83.09b		162.68
6	5.31	Ellagic acid (EA)	Polyphenol	300.9998		1941.15 ± 59.94a	12692.85 ± 666.32b	24603.89 ± 203.62c	553.88	93.84
7	6.01	Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin)	Flavonol	609.1125	301.0367	1183.19 ± 28.99a	4840.48 ± 192.12c	3270.89 ± 113.77b	309.10	(32.43)
8	6.36	Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G)	Flavonol	477.0694	301.0365	4988.12 ± 81.28a	14184.50 ± 18.79c	11666.88 ± 912.39b	184.37	(17.75)
9	6.92	Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (K3R)	Flavonol	593.1324	285.0414	305.30 ± 10.39a	1379.20 ± 92.48c	1087.84 ± 10.34b	351.75	(21.13)
10	7.16	Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (K3G)	Flavonol	447.0951	285.0407	45.48 ± 4.12a	224.48 ± 2.36b	228.04 ± 3.56b	402.37	(6.32)
11	9.40	Quercetin	Flavonol	301.0354		5.64 ± 0.52a	111.90 ± 12.59b	1578.96 ± 183.09c	1884.10	1311.08
12	10.26	Kaempferol	Flavonol	285.0405		1.26 ± 0.11a	7.14 ± 0.89b	136.03c	466.46	1806.20
		ΣTPC				8619.34	35044.32	44114.18	306.29	25.94
		ΣTFC				6364.55	19389.94	16859.77	203.23	(13.04)
		EA/ΣTPC (%)				22.52	36.22	55.77
		Q3G/ΣTPC (%)				57.87	40.48	26.45
		(EA+Q3G)/ΣTPC (%)				80.39	76.70	82.22

Indexes	CON group	RLP group	RLE group	RLE-H group
Exhaustion time (min)	50.68 ± 4.61a	58.56 ± 1.30a	102.27 ± 4.71b	100.27 ± 6.05b
Initial body weight (g)	20.42 ± 1.73	20.77 ± 1.48	20.02 ± 1.80	20.09 ± 1.79
Final body weight (g)	29.87 ± 3.38 b	30.48 ± 2.81b	26.31 ± 3.35 a	23.93 ± 4.05a
BMI	3.087 ± 0.470	3.222 ± 0.302	2.945 ± 0.327	2.811 ± 0.482
API	1.84 ± 0.79 b	2.02 ± 0.44 b	1.12 ± 0.61a	0.80 ± 0.48a
Testes (%)	0.65 ± 0.14a	0.76 ± 0.17ab	0.85 ± 0.13b	0.81 ± 0.19ab
Heart (%)	0.63 ± 0.09	0.66 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.10	0.70 ± 0.35
Liver (%)	6.08 ± 0.80	6.28 ± 0.60	6.10 ± 0.80	6.07 ± 0.80
Spleen (%)	0.33 ± 0.11	0.37 ± 0.10	0.38 ± 0.23	0.40 ± 0.13
Lung (%)	1.01 ± 0.25	1.01 ± 0.17	1.16 ± 0.14	1.26 ± 0.56
Kidney (%)	1.68 ± 0.30	1.79 ± 0.30	1.50 ± 0.22	1.59 ± 0.39
Intestinal flatulence	0	0	1	2

Indexes	CON group	PA group	RLE group	RLEPA group
Exhaustion time (min)	49.13 ± 1.16 a	105.48 ± 9.11b	117.39 ± 10.951b	110.74 ± 7.34b
Initial body weight (g)	20.95 ± 2.18	19.95 ± 1.65	20.66 ± 1.84	20.79 ± 2.65
Final body weight (g)	31.81 ± 3.96c	25.18 ± 2.50b	24.40 ± 1.26b	20.85 ± 3.05a
BMI	3.17 ± 0.70c	2.816 ± 5.67b	2.745 ± 0.327b	2.652 ± 0.61a
API	1.78 ± 0.79 b	1.57 ± 0.44ab	1.34 ± 0.61a	1.25 ± 0.48a
Testes (%)	0.70 ± 0.14a	0.77 ± 0.17a	0.88 ± 0.13b	0.95 ± 0.19b
Intestinal flatulence	0	0	1	0

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[1] *Corresponding author: yangjing5152@163.com