Evaluation of nutritional, color and volatiles properties of currant (<i>Ribes</i> spp.) cultivars in Turkey

EKSI KARAAGAC, Hacer; CAVUS, Filiz; KADIOGLU, Burcu; UGUR, Nagihan; TOKAT, Emre; SAHAN, Yasemin

doi:10.1590/fst.29119

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 41 (2) • Apr-Jun 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.29119 copy

Evaluation of nutritional, color and volatiles properties of currant (Ribes spp.) cultivars in Turkey

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study, the properties of nutritional, color and volatile organic compounds of currant varieties (Ribes spp.) in Turkey were investigated. A total of 125 different volatile organic compounds were identified with GC-QTOF/MS. The levels of protein, sugar fractions, dietary fibre, ascorbic acid and minerals of the currant fruits were found to be different between varieties. Ascorbic acid content ranged from 169.33 to 725.52 mg/100 g dry weight. The K, Ca and Mg minerals were found to be in high amount in all varieties. Total dietary fibre levels were found between 7.17 (Red Lake) and 9.90 g/100 g dw (Rosenthal). The common volatiles found in all cultivars were ocimene, carene, alpha-phellandrene, alpha-terpinene, benzaldehyde and piperonal. ‘Rosenthal’ and ‘Goliath’ displayed large differences in the volatile fraction which allow for their discrimination in the PCA (principal component analysis) plot.

Keywords:
Ribes; volatile; ascorbic acid; chemical; currant

	ROSENTHAL	RED LAKE	BOSKOOP G.	JOSTABERRY	GOLIATH
Soluble solids	17.03 ± 0.10^a	11.92 ± 0.06^d	16.70 ± 0.06^b	14.68 ± 0.08^c	16.95 ± 0.12^a
pH	2.95 ± 0.01^c	3.05 ± 0.01^a	2.91 ± 0.01^d	2.90 ± 0.01^e	3.0 ± 0.01^b
Dry matter	20.61 ± 0.33^b	16.76 ± 0.37^d	20.50 ± 0.26^b	17.48 ± 0.67^c	22.28 ± 0.16^a
Acidity	15.57 ± 0.03^b	14.38 ± 0.02^c	15.76 ± 0.03^b	18.08 ± 0.03^a	11.18 ± 0.05^d
Protein	3.30 ± 0.01^d	5.37 ± 0.02^a	4.10 ± 0.03^b	4.12 ± 0.01^b	3.59 ± 0.04^c
Sugar fractions
Fructose	22.61 ± 0.05^b	21.00 ± 0.09^c	20.98 ± 0.22^c	26.37 ± 0.09^a	21.95 ± 0.10^bc
Glucose	17.22 ± 0.08^c	18.79 ± 0.11^b	15.07 ± 0.29^d	20.94 ± 0.06^a	17.37 ± 0.08^c
Sucrose	1.16 ± 0.03^b	Nd.^d	0.78 ± 0.01^c	1.54 ± 0.03^a	1.48 ± 0.05^a
Total sugars	40.99	39.79	36.83	48.85	40.8
Dietary fiber
SDF	7.23 ± 0.09^a	4.00 ± 0.08^c	7.17 ± 0.08^a	5.55 ± 0.12^b	6.82 ± 0.14^a
IDF	2.67 ± 0.04^b	3.16 ± 0.04^a	2.34 ± 0.01^c	2.06 ± 0.03^d	3.05 ± 0.01^a
TDF	9.90 ± 0.11^a	7.16 ± 0.10^b	9.51 ± 0.07^a	7.61 ± 0.11^b	9.87 ± 0.17^a
Ascorbic acid	725.52 ± 1.36^a	169.33 ± 0.70^d	582.39 ± 3.21^b	591.42 ± 2.92^b	495.64 ± 4.16^c
Minerals
Na	Nd.	Nd.	Nd.	Nd.	11.58 ± 0.10^a
Mg	666.13 ± 6.52^ab	571.24 ± 3.61^c	684.63 ± 7.71^a	622.08 ± 4.61^bc	665.22 ± 9.43^ab
K	9,268.51 ± 94.49^cd	10,205.91 ± 103.71^ab	8,374.78 ± 103.29^d	9,824.03 ± 87.37^bc	10,803.9 ± 164.34^a
Ca	1,447.55 ± 16.76^c	1,235.14 ± 17.38^d	1,673.22 ± 12.91^b	1,815.45 ± 17.88^a	1,051.84 ± 11.51^e
Mn	4.85 ± 0.02^c	5.37 ± 0.03^b	5.46 ± 0.04^b	5.89 ± 0.03^a	5.61 ± 0.06^ab
Fe	28.14 ± 0.56^b	36.40 ± 0.32^a	33.46 ± 0.22^a	25.57 ± 0.40^bc	22.58 ± 0.32^c
Cu	4.03 ± 0.07^c	9.61 ± 0.07^b	11.51 ± 0.17^a	3.83 ± 0.03^c	4.49 ± 0.12^c
Zn	4.71 ± 0.09^b	7.16 ± 0.10^a	7.51 ± 0.16^a	4.46 ± 0.06^b	4.76 ± 0.16^b
Se	Nd.	Nd.	Nd.	Nd.	Nd.

	ROSENTHAL	RED LAKE	BOSKOOP G.	JOSTABERRY	GOLIATH
L*	25.87 ± 0.57^b	32.88 ± 0.71^a	26.38 ± 0.31^b	25.64 ± 0.25^b	25.76 ± 0.40^b
a*	0.64 ± 0.39^b	19.40 ± 1.95^a	0.05 ± 0.04^b	1.44 ± 0.47^b	0.67 ± 0.28^b
b*	-1.03 ± 0.47^b	8.04 ± 1.02^a	-0.78 ± 0.40^b	-0.45 ± 0.16^b	-0.84 ± 0.37^b

Compound Name	Currant varieties					ID	RT
Compound Name	Boskoop G.	Red Lake	Jostaberry	Rosenthal	Goliath	ID	RT
Musk ambrette				X		ADAMS.L	0.19
N-Pentadecanol					X	ADAMS.L	0.21
Hexanoic acid			X			ADAMS.L	1.11
Isopentyl formate			X			ADAMS.L	1.13
Alpha-pinene	X			X		STANDART	3.13
Heptanal dimethyl acetal				X		ADAMS.L	3.68
1,3-Cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-	X					ADAMS.L	4.47
Myrcene				X		Flavor2.L	4.55
Ocimene	X			X	X	Flavor2.L	4.74
alpha-Methylbenzylalcohol	X					Flavor2.L	5.14
Carene	X			X	X	STANDART	5.52
Cumenol		X		X	X	ADAMS.L	5.70
delta-3-carene	X				X	Flavor2.L	5.84
Isoamyl benzyl ether				X	X	ADAMS.L	5.92
Camphene	X					Flavor2.L	5.95
Alpha -phellandrene	X			X	X	STANDART	6.20
Myrcenone		X				ADAMS.L	6.44
Limonene			X		X	STANDART	7.26
Eucalyptol			X		X	STANDART	7.30
(3E) -3-Decen-2-one			X			ADAMS.L	7.44
Cis-Piperitol acetate					X	ADAMS.L	7.55
gamma-Terpinene				X	X	Flavor2.L	7.67
Linalool	X		X			STANDART	8.58
Terpinolene	X				X	STANDART	10.91
alpha-terpinene	X			X	X	Flavor2.L	11.19
Phenylacetic acid	X					Flavor2.L	11.34
(-)-alpha- Thujene	X				X	ADAMS.L	11.74
Methyl benzol					X	NIST MS	11.79
beta-Phellandrene	X					ADAMS.L	12.36
Sabinene	X					ADAMS.L	14.19
beta-Pinene	X					Flavor2.L	14.85
Methyl octanoate			X			STANDART	16.88
Nonanal	X					STANDART	18.05
Benzoin	X			X		ADAMS.L	18.08
Octyl formate			X			STANDART	18.92
Benzaldehyde	X	X	X	X		STANDART	21.28
2-Acetylfuran	X	X				ADAMS.L	21.42
Methyl 2-furoate		X				ADAMS.L	21.52
2 –çarene					X	NIST MS	22.11
gamma-muurolene					X	NIST MS	22.14
beta-Cubebene				X		ADAMS.L	22.16
Benzalydehyde,3,4-dimethyl					X	NIST MS	22.19
Bicyclogermacrene				X		ADAMS.L	22.15
Meta-Tolualdehyde				X		ADAMS.L	22.19
3-Phenylpropionaldehyde	X					Flavor2.L	22.55
2,4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde	X					Flavor2.L	22.72
beta-Ylangene					X	ADAMS.L	22.99
Methyl decanoate				X		STANDART	23.98
Hexyl hexanoate	X			X		STANDART	24.03
Methyl benzoate	X					STANDART	24.80
Ethyl 3-(acetyloxy) butanoate	X			X	X	STANDART	24.88
5-methyl Furfural		X				ADAMS.L	25.58
2- Methoxypyrazine		X				ADAMS.L	25.65
Benzonitril			X			NIST MS	26.18
Ethyl decanoate				X		STANDART	26.30
Methyl butanoate				X		ADAMS.L	26.40
Cis-Muurola-4(14),5-diene	X					ADAMS.L	26.67
Undecanol				X		ADAMS.L	26.69
1-propanol,2 methyl			X			NIST MS	26.80
Methyl undecanoate				X		ADAMS.L	26.87
Methyl butyrate				X		Flavor2.L	27.10
Neryl acetate					X	STANDART	29.23
alpha-terpineol				X		STANDART	29.48
Furfural	X	X				ADAMS.L	31.98
Trans-Dihydrocarvone	X					ADAMS.L	31.98
Citronellyl butyrate	X				X	STANDART	32.06
Methylsalicylate			X			Flavor2.L	32.15
Nerol			X			STANDART	32.21
Phenethyl formate			X			Flavor2.L	33.29
Isopropyyl laurate			X			STANDART	34.40
Lauric acid,ethyl ester			X			NIST MS	34.63
Pregnanne-3,5-diol			X			NIST MS	34.81
Dodecanoic acid,ethyl ester			X			NIST MS	35.00
Isoamyl benzyl ether			X			ADAMS.L	36.21
Phenol		X	X			Flavor2.L	38.06
2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine		X				ADAMS.L	38.42
Orcinol		X				ADAMS.L	38.49
Methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone			X			Flavor2.L	38.59
Tagetone		X				ADAMS.L	38.98
Isopentyl salicylate				X		ADAMS.L	46.82
Conglomerone			X			ADAMS.L	47.89
1-Decanol				X		Flavor2.L	49.16
Phenylacetaldehyde		X				Flavor2.L	49.52
Salicylaldehyde		X				ADAMS.L	50.28
Isobutyl benzoate		X				Flavor2.L	50.30
Ethylbenzoate			X	X		Flavor2.L	50.36
2-Phenylpropanal		X				ADAMS.L	50.82
Cumene		X				ADAMS.L	50.83
para-Methyl Acetophenone		X				ADAMS.L	50.85
4'-Methylacetophenone		X				Flavor2.L	50.86
P-Cymene				X		ADAMS.L	50.89
Benzophenone			X			ADAMS.L	50.93
2-Butylthiophene		X		X		ADAMS.L	51.60
Piperonal	X	X	X	X		ADAMS.L	51.91
Lauryl alcohol				X		Flavor2.L	52.30
Octadecene				X		ADAMS.L	52.79
Dodecanoic acid				X		ADAMS.L	53.11
Ethyl laurate		X				Flavor2.L	53.11
Butyrophenone		X				ADAMS.L	53.31
Methyl dodecanoate		X				ADAMS.L	53.84
Butanal, 2-methyl			X			NIST MS	54.36
Ethyl tetradecanoate				X		ADAMS.L	54.67
Isopropyl hexadecanoate		X				ADAMS.L	54.67
4-Methoxy cinnamic acid		X				ADAMS.L	54.85
Cis-Pinane				X		ADAMS.L	55.00
Cyclohexadecanolide		X				ADAMS.L	55.01
Methyl butyl benzoate				X		ADAMS.L	55.04
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde		X				ADAMS.L	55.55
2,3 –Butanediol			X			NIST MS	56.04
Anilin		X				NIST MS	56.17
Cubitene				X		ADAMS.L	56.21
p-Methylphenyl acetate			X			Flavor2.L	56.21
Tagetone, (E)-		X				ADAMS.L	56.22
Decanoic acid		X				ADAMS.L	56.88
Methyl Eugenol		X				ADAMS.L	57.57
2- Butanol					X	NIST MS	58.64
Acetalydehyde ethyl amyl acetal			X			NIST MS	58.79
Trimethylamine			X			NIST MS	59.23
Ethyl acetate	X					STANDART	59.41
Methylthiazole			X			NIST MS	59.78
Seselin					X	ADAMS.L	59.94
Pyruvic acid		X				ADAMS.L	60.99
3 methyl hexanoic acid			X			NIST MS	61.57

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[1] *Corresponding author: hacer.eksi@tarimorman.gov.tr