<i>In vitro</i> potential activity of some seaweeds as antioxidants and inhibitors of diabetic enzymes

ISMAIL, Gehan Ahmed; GHEDA, Saly Farouk; ABO-SHADY, Atef Mohamed; ABDEL-KARIM, Omnia Hamdy

doi:10.1590/fst.15619

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 40 (3) • July-Sept 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.15619 copy

In vitro potential activity of some seaweeds as antioxidants and inhibitors of diabetic enzymes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study crude extracts of Turbinaria decurrens, Padina pavonica, Sargassum muticum and Sargassum acinarium (Phaeophyta); Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Pterocladia capillacea (Rhodophyta) seaweeds were tested to evaluate their antioxidant properties and antidiabetic potential on α-amylase and α-glucosidase starch hydrolyzing enzymes. The results showed that all analyzed seaweeds exhibited antioxidant effects using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), reducing power and total antioxidant capacity assays in addition to antidiabetic activity that all depended on the species and the extract solvent. Among the tested extracts, acetone extract of Turbinaria decurrens showed the highest antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects for α-amylase (96.1%) and α-glucosidase (97.4%), respectively which was related with its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In vitro, the extract showed no toxicity against fibroblast normal cell lines at lower concentration of 250 µg/ml. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum analysis (GC-MS) of this acetone extract showed the presence of different bioactive compounds mainly cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl which could be responsible for its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The study results suggest that brown seaweeds especially T. decurrens can be used as antioxidant ingredients and as potent reducing drug for postprandial hyperglycemia.

Keywords:
seaweeds; antioxidant; antidiabetic; cytotoxicity; GC-MS analysis

Seaweed	T. decurrens				P. pavonica				S. muticum				S. acinarium				U. lactuca				P. capillacea
Phytochemicals/solvents	W	A	E	M	W	A	E	M	W	A	E	M	W	A	E	M	W	A	E	M	W	A	E	M
Alkaloid	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+
Phenols	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Flavonoids	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Carbohydrates	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Tannins	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-
Glycoside	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	-
Saponins	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	-
Steroid	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Terpenoids	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+

Assay	Total Antioxidant Capacity (mg AAE/g DW)				Reducing Power Activity (mg AAE/g DW)
Assay	Extract
Seaweed	Acetone	Ethanol	Methanol	Water	Acetone	Ethanol	Methanol	Water
S. acinarium	1.68^a,A±0.006	2.76^a,B±0.015	2.10^a,C±0.008	0.71^a,D±0.003	0.35^a,A±0.021	1.34^a,B±0.099	0.36^a,A±0.027	0.52^a,A±0.005
S. muticum	2.29^b,A±0.007	3.09^b,B±0.022	0.86^b,C±0.002	0.67^b,D±0.003	0.96^b,A±0.008	1.37^a,B±0.010	0.24^b,C±0.014	0.71^b,D±0.009
P. capillacea	1.01^c,A±0.001	0.86^c,B±0.002	0.79^c,C±0.001	0.98^c,D±0.002	0.25^c,A±0.013	0.27^c,A±0.001	0.16^c,B±0.009	0.65^c,C±0.019
U. lactuca	1.17^d,A±0.004	1.08^d,B±0.003	1.01^d,C±0.001	1.18^d,A±0.004	0.36^d,A±0.018	0.45^d,B±0.009	0.24^b,C±0.006	0.71^c,e,D±0.016
P. pavonica	2.50^e,A±0.074	1.17^e,B±0.038	1.13^e,B±0.034	3.26^e,C±0.010	0.85^d,A±0.026	0.68^e,B±0.02	0.67^d,C±0.013	1.58^e,D±0.097
T. decurrens	4.34^f,A±0.003	0.58^f,B±0.002	0.52^f,C±0.002	1.19^d,D±0.002	2.72^e,A±0.014	0.48^d,B±0.005	0.32^a,C±0.017	0.75^d,D±0.020

Algal extract / Antioxidant activities	Total Phenolic content
Algal extract / Antioxidant activities	*S. acinarium*	*S. muticum*	*P. capillacea*	*U. lactuca*	*P. pavonica*	*T. decurrens*
DPPH radical scavenging activity	0.890	0.942^* * Correlation is significant p ≤ 0.05.	0.897	0.727	0.867	0.981*
Reducing Power Activity	0.738	0.990*	0.951*	0.876	0.983*	0.993*
Total Antioxidant Capacity	0.931	0.935	0.981*	0.969*	0.919	0.988*

RT*	Compounds name	*PA %**	MF ^* * RT: Retention Time;	Biological activity
4.188	Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl	20.42	C₆H₁₈O₃Si₃	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial
4.619	Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl	100	C₆H₁₈O₃Si₃	As mentioned
4.829	2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl	73.56	C₆H₁₂O₂	A plant metabolite, solvent
5.744	o-Xylene	21.95	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	Antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant
5.849	o-Xylene	94.01	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	As mentioned,
6.249	Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl	10.72	C₈H₉NO₂	Antimicrobial, antioxidant
7.115	Phenyl-pentamethyl-disiloxane	16.34	C₁₁H₂₀OSi₂	Phenolics aldehyde
7.455	Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane	2.68	C₈H₂₄O₄Si₄	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial
7.555	Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl	3.19	C₈H₂₄O₄Si₄	As mentioned,
7.630	Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl	8.79	C₈H₂₄O₄Si₄	As mentioned,
7.770	Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl	19.07	C₈H₂₄O₄Si₄	As mentioned,
7.990	Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl	1.21	C₉H₁₂	----
9.611	Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl	5.10	C₆H₁₈O₃Si₃	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial
10.061	N6-(4-Methoxybenzoyl) adenosine	11.35	C₁₈H₁₉N₅O₆	-----
10.751	Cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl	6.02	C₁₀H₃₀O₅Si₅	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial
12.342	Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl	1.03	C₈H₂₄O₄Si₄	As mentioned
12.557	1,1,1,3,5,7,9,11,11,11-Decamethyl-5-(trimethylsiloxy) hexasiloxane	1.47		-----
13.787	Cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl	2.06	C₁₂H₃₆O₆Si₆	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial
16.513	Cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl-	1.39	C₈H₂₄O₄Si₄	As mentioned
21.831	3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol	15.42	C₂₀H₄₀O	Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-diuretic
22.146	3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol	2.27	C₂₀H₄₀O	As mentioned,
22.381	3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol	5.56	C₂₀H₄₀O	As mentioned,
25.207	3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol	1.44	C₂₀H₄₀O	As mentioned,

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[1] *Corresponding author: omnia.hamdy@science.tanta.edu.eg