Levels of Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Selenium, Zinc, Cadmium, Lead and Aluminium of honey varieties produced in Turkey

ALTUNATMAZ, Sema Sandıkcı; TARHAN, Duygu; AKSU, Filiz; OZSOBACI, Nural Pastacı; OR, Mehmet Erman; BARUTÇU, Umit Bora

doi:10.1590/fst.19718

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Food Science and Technology

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 39 (suppl 2) • Dec 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.19718 copy

Levels of Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Selenium, Zinc, Cadmium, Lead and Aluminium of honey varieties produced in Turkey

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Honey is a natural animal product. The elemental composition of honey varies greatly depending on the source of nectar, honeydew, pollen and environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) in a total of 65 honey samples procured from different regions of Turkey. Element levels were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Minimum and maximum levels of the elements, indicated as µg/g wet weight were as follows: Cr: 0.126-7.964, Cu: 0.223-198.361, Fe: 3.506-1278.778, Mg: 5.830-309.783, Mn: 0.096-29.496, Se: 0.418-19.879, Zn: 1.734-245.205, Cd: 0.000-0.297, Pb: 0.000-3.035, Al: 0.775-155.585.

Keywords:
trace element; toxic element; heavy metal; ICP-OES; honey

Region	Honey Sample No
Central Anatolia	1-2-3-6-41-62-63-64
Black Sea	4-5-7-8-9-10-20-24-38-43-47-49-50-53-54-57-58
Eastern Anatolia	11-21-25-26-30-31-33-35-40-44-45-55-59-61-65
Aegean	13-17-34-39-42-46
Marmara	12-14-15-16-18-27-28-29-32-37-56
Mediterranean	19-22-23-36-51-52-60
Southeastern Anatolia	48

No	Cr	Cu	Fe	Mg	Mn	Se	Zn	Cd	Pb	Al
1	6.635	4.941	117.318	152.824	1.129	6.706	16.729	0.282	3.035	49.624
2	1.305	4.365	566.769	41.314	1.451	0.910	5.116	0.040	0.356	25.385
3	2.700	2.871	135.043	78.514	0.814	3.343	8.357	0.086	1.586	36.900
4	2.320	3.400	81.720	91.840	0.720	1.680	21.000	0.120	0.840	110.880
5	1.320	1.350	61.800	38.850	0.390	2.340	7.080	0.060	1.050	40.380
6	1.615	1.477	19.777	40.869	0.300	2.192	7.038	0.046	0.715	35.885
7	1.521	1.436	141.000	57.086	0.771	1.907	5.421	0.043	1.050	33.279
8	2.032	2.067	30.986	86.055	11.465	2.376	5.596	0.297	0.154	1.592
9	7.964	27.382	411.655	103.091	1.636	4.964	35.291	0.164	1.800	8.400
10	1.148	1.156	37.679	61.760	0.530	1.936	4.807	0.007	0.088	3.983
11	4.629	3.257	115.303	140.743	2.331	4.457	18.857	0.000	0.960	13.097
12	2.924	2.858	70.364	202.233	4.560	3.840	13.549	0.022	0.524	8.487
13	0.285	0.986	12.722	15.142	0.132	0.915	4.332	0.010	0.122	11.786
14	1.059	3.362	32.374	122.294	5.462	2.179	6.150	0.009	0.309	4.262
15	1.539	2.764	25.961	148.386	1.349	1.705	6.331	0.000	0.174	4.452
16	1.888	1.438	27.400	74.300	0.438	1.825	10.813	0.013	0.188	7.200
17	1.319	3.891	57.742	161.366	2.169	1.461	11.672	0.007	0.060	15.980
18	0.812	0.889	17.816	55.426	0.275	1.525	3.656	0.014	0.085	5.619
19	0.545	0.669	13.324	35,217	0.392	0.992	4.983	0.010	0.069	5.197
20	0.779	2.862	18.407	134,690	21.076	1.269	11.848	0.000	0.097	155.586
21	0.384	0.351	9.320	14.343	0.194	0.678	2.220	0.005	0.104	3.581
22	0.282	1.444	8.395	14.699	1.140	0.662	7.482	0.005	0.152	6.174
23	5.326	9.684	80.505	28.295	0.842	1.916	39.137	0.021	0.253	12.611
24	5.120	1.394	76.366	51.840	2.560	0.971	18.274	0.011	0.309	14.823
25	0.914	0.700	13.314	30.571	0.271	1.671	14.014	0.014	0.357	29.586
26	0.794	5.848	21.718	25.690	0.338	1.099	14.096	0.000	0.439	41.037
27	0.806	1.110	16.442	49.039	0.430	1.075	4.925	0.018	0.143	20.812
28	0.538	0.766	6.610	16.097	0.114	0.476	6.083	0.021	0.000	10.459
29	0.863	0.327	11.623	21,332	0.208	0.714	5.296	0.010	0.099	7.567
30	0.682	0.567	20.712	36.879	0.173	0.863	1.734	0.016	0.123	2.877
31	0.447	0.404	17.498	33.327	0.185	1.058	3.905	0.000	0.305	22.451
32	0.185	0.223	9.761	16.125	0.096	0.418	2.331	0.003	0.069	7.505
33	0.408	0.400	5.224	16.992	0.128	0.872	2.104	0.016	0.320	13.536
34	0.752	4.352	16.640	50.704	0.432	1.200	10.608	0.032	0.240	33.664
35	0.126	7.529	3.506	12.207	0.151	0.496	7.904	0.008	0.000	3.364
36	0.240	2.741	37.277	60.836	1.022	0.542	5.543	0.039	0.031	92.903
37	1.418	3.678	120.031	52.769	1.060	3.319	5.283	0.094	0.327	11.610
38	0.672	0.561	14.020	9.963	0.187	1.960	2.736	0.033	0.094	1.817
39	2.046	3.010	94.190	50.597	0.826	2.597	7.770	0.079	0.138	10.938
40	1.296	1.147	66.018	20.286	1.191	2.470	4.756	0.026	0.131	4.923
41	0.372	11.984	46.455	12.071	0.210	1.461	14.297	0.012	0.048	1.921
42	0.345	1.248	41.028	42.092	0.679	2.051	1.985	0.011	0.088	2.382
43	1.035	6.066	41.659	14.059	0.495	2.587	84.330	0.044	0.319	3.457
44	0.506	2.176	31.104	7.862	0.146	1.711	3.824	0.018	0.068	0.808
45	0.911	33.482	315.214	15.086	1.211	2.239	37.093	0.096	0.407	6.043
46	0.594	10.885	44.170	32.800	0.479	19.879	12.830	0.018	0.224	3.745
47	1.493	3.224	1278.779	50.913	29.496	3.151	6.357	0.027	0.330	5.405
48	0.689	2.074	18.222	17.902	0.203	2.123	6.382	0.018	0.283	2.332
49	0.931	20.620	39.714	12.824	0.408	2.294	30.702	0.041	0.212	2.694
50	0.670	7.886	25.645	51.605	18.696	2.566	9.321	0.021	0.064	1.784
51	1.333	1.600	159.911	18.800	0.498	2.996	5.324	0.044	0.204	1.449
52	0.497	4.552	7.850	5.830	0.099	1.622	7.920	0.021	0.017	1.167
53	0.925	3.126	79.796	309.783	0.359	2.117	4.716	0.038	0.352	0.986
54	1.077	1.738	25.144	20.938	0.325	1.996	3.914	0.045	0.269	2.007
55	0.667	7.052	22.308	13.463	0.310	1.625	15.101	0.027	0.155	1.962
56	0.483	2.432	89.233	21.180	0.329	1.489	5.134	0.018	0.086	1.101
57	0.918	7.667	196.349	21.987	0.926	1.973	19.643	0.024	0.129	2.923
58	0.592	13.232	8.841	18.608	0.151	1.491	13.647	0.016	0.140	0.775
59	0.740	3.413	23.880	9.993	0.200	2.000	6.827	0.027	0.160	4.427
60	2.154	198.361	87.716	47.133	0.607	3.267	245.205	0.058	0.333	2.169
61	0.645	22.545	18.105	18.795	0.255	1.350	28.103	0.030	0.210	2.168
62	1.420	29.561	500.341	22.171	1.302	2.722	27.556	0.044	0.673	4.215
63	0.551	189.031	271.361	20.394	0.619	0.612	202.639	0.025	0.346	1.571
64	0.613	10.489	114.993	16.368	0.345	1.494	10.049	0.060	0.354	2.849
65	0.885	2.872	876.393	8.361	1.761	1.495	5.331	0.030	0.315	3.895

Elements	Cr	Cu	Fe	Mg	Mn	Se	Zn	Cd	Pb	Al
Min.	0.126	0.223	3.506	5.830	0.096	0.418	1.734	0.000	0.000	0.775
Max.	7.964	198.361	1278.779	309.783	29.496	19.879	245.205	0.297	3.035	155.586
Mean ± SE	1.364 ± 1.27	11.030 ± 10.03	107.824 ± 20.02	50.548 ± 7.59	1.985 ± 3.56	2.183 ± 1.67	18.201 ± 9.12	0.038 ± 0.27	0.349 ± 0.81	15.299 ± 6.75

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[1] *Corresponding author: sandikci@istanbul.edu.tr