Abstract
This research aims to optimize the extraction yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and quantify flavonoids by mass spectrometry in peel and kernel of mango (Mangifera indica L.), varieties: Edward, Kent, Haden, and Criollo from the department of Lambayeque, Peru, which resulted in eight samples. Mango peels and kernels were manually separated, frozen at -20 °C, freeze-dried, and ground (300 μm). For the extraction, the Central Composite Design was applied with the factors of ethanolic solution, time, and sample/volume ratio. The extracts determined TPCs by Folin-Ciocalteu and UV-Vis spectrophotometry expressed as gallic acid equivalent. Optimization was performed by the desirability function; Quercetin was also quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (m/z). The highest yield of TPC content for Criollo mango kernel was obtained with 67.99% ethanolic solution, 89.94 min, and 0.343 g sample/10 mL ethanolic solution with R2 of 0.8966, and for Edward mango peel with 73.996% ethanolic solution, 58.5 min, and 0.432 g sample/10 mL ethanolic solution with R2 of 0.8020. For peel, the methanolic extract from Criollo mango peel had the highest Quercetin value at (23.28 ± 2.35 mg QE/100 g) (p < 0.05), and for kernels, in both extractions (ethanolic and methanolic), the four varieties did not present differences (p > 0.05).
Keywords:
kernel; peel; desirability; polyphenols; Quercetin; spectrometry; untargeted metabolomic