Midwest |
Assessment of dietary supplement consumption in gyms in Guará (DF) |
Supplements: Whey protein |
Growing use of supplements by strength training practitioners, with a greater number of existing products that suggest numerous benefits, but there are few that have their effects scientifically proven |
Albuquerque (2012)Albuquerque, M. M. (2012). Avaliação do consumo de suplementos alimentares nas academias de Guará-DF. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 6(32), 112-117.
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Public profile: 110 people of both sexes, with 86 supplement consumers |
Indication: 34% indicated by the nutritionist and own initiative |
Goals for supplement use: increase muscle mass (75%) |
Pre- and post-training food and supplement consumption in male bodybuilders in Goiânia (GO) |
Supplements: Whey Protein, BCAA, Creatine, Vitamins and Minerals, Thermogenics, Glutamine, Hypercaloric |
The consumption of nutritional supplements and foods was frequent in the studied population, and these resources were ingested before and after training. Protein supplements were the most consumed |
Aragão & Fernandes (2014)Aragão, A. R., & Fernandes, D. C. (2014). Consumo alimentar e de suplementos no pré e pós-treino em homens praticantes de musculação em Goiânia, Goiás. Revista de Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, 41, 15-29. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/740 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 78 male bodybuilders aged between 18 and 50 years old |
Training frequency: 31% greater than 3 years, 47% 5 times a week, 35% average duration of 60 to 90 minutes per day |
Goals for supplement use: Gain in muscle mass (35.9%), healthy style (32.05%), weight loss (11.54%), improvement in fitness (10.26%) |
Supplement use time: 35% started 3 to 5 months ago, 12% use it for at least six months |
Time of consumption: before, during and after training (23.08%), before and after training (20.5%) |
Consumption of food supplements enriched with vitamins and minerals, and/or vitamin-mineral supplement in a private university in Brasília (DF) |
Supplements: vitamin and mineral supplements |
More and more individuals are using dietary supplements. The importance of making the population aware that the consumption of nutritional supplements should occur after diagnosis of the nutritional status through clinical, dietary, anthropometric and biochemical results is evident. |
Frinhani & Leonhardt (2016)Frinhani, T. O., & Leonhardt, V. (2016). Consumo de suplementos alimentares enriquecidos de vitaminas e minerais, e/ou suplemento vitamínico-mineral em uma universidade privada de Brasília-DF. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 10(60), 654-659. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/715 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 160 students of both sexes |
Supplement use: 58.2% have already consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements |
Indication: doctors (39%), own initiative (38.3%) |
Evaluation of the consumption of protein supplements by bodybuilders in a gym in Planaltina (DF) |
Supplements: whey protein and albumin |
Males are the ones who most practice bodybuilding and use protein supplements. The most cited protein supplement was whey protein, so that most consume it on their own in order to gain muscle mass |
Cardoso & Leonhardt (2017)Cardoso, K. F., & Leonhardt, V. (2017). Avaliação do consumo de suplementos proteicos por praticantes de musculação em uma academia de Planaltina-DF. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 11(68), 1083-1091. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/968 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 50 bodybuilders of both sexes |
Training frequency: 92% more than 3x week and 8% three times a week. |
Most used supplement: 95% whey protein and 10% albumin. |
Time of consumption: pre- and post-training (47%) and post-training (21%). |
Amount consumed: one scoop a day (47%), more than one scoop (37%) and half a scoop (16%). |
Indication: self indication (58%), nutritionist (21%) and physical educator (5%). |
Goals for supplement use: gain in muscle mass (63%), supplement the diet (21%) and both reasons (16%) |
Southeast |
Supplementation and food consumption in bodybuilders in a neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) |
Supplements: Whey protein, BCAA, and creatine |
There is a consensus that the presence of a professional nutritionist is essential for proper guidance within the gyms. The high use of supplements and a high-protein diet aimed at muscle hypertrophy in a way not guided by a professional in the area was verified. This practice becomes harmful to the health of practitioners and deviates from its objective |
Macedo et al. (2018)Macedo, T. S., Sousa, A. L., & Fernandez, N. C. (2018). Suplementação e consumo alimentar em praticantes de musculação. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 11(68), 974-985. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/940 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 40 bodybuilders, 20 beginners and 20 trained |
Results: high intake of food and protein supplements |
The use of dietary supplements by practitioners of physical activity in the city of Juiz de Fora (MG) |
Supplements: Whey protein and creatine |
It is essential that there is a correct indication of the use of supplements by a health professional for those who really need them. |
Macedo & Ferreira (2021)Macedo, M. G., & Ferreira, J. C. S. (2021). Os riscos para a saúde associados ao consumo de suplemento alimentar sem orientação nutricional. Research, Society and Development, 10(3), e45610313593. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13593. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.135...
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Public profile: 283 people, between 18 and 40 years of age, both genders |
Goals for supplement use: gain in muscle mass (80.5%) |
Results: 12.2% of those using supplements had a history of kidney stones. |
Consumption of food supplements and ergogenic resources |
Supplements: Whey Protein (80.0%) and BCAA (48.6%) |
Ergogenic resources and food supplements are being consumed in excess by female bodybuilders in gyms in the city of Ubá (MG), and improperly, without proper guidance from a specialist |
Sperandio et al. (2017)Sperandio, B. B., Silva, L. D. S., Domingues, S. F., Ferreira, E. F., & Oliveira, R. A. R. (2017). Consumo de suplementos alimentares e recursos ergogênicos por mulheres praticantes de musculação em Ubá-MG. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 11(62), 209-218. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/768/624. http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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by women who practice bodybuilding in Ubá (MG) |
Public profile: 70 women, aged between 19 and 56 years old, bodybuilders |
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Main sources of information: internet (53.8%) and gym teachers (40.0%) |
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Results: Use them continuously (41.9%), indicated by the gym teacher (48.8%) and with aesthetic goals (51.2%) |
Reasons for consuming nutritional supplements |
Supplements: Whey protein and BCAA |
The profile of consumers differed from non-users of supplements regarding frequency, duration and purpose of physical activity. It is necessary to pay attention to the real need for supplementation, as free access to products increases indiscriminate consumption, often unnecessarily. |
Benvenuto & Marques (2017)Benvenuto, H. D., & Marques, L. (2017). Motivos para consumo de suplementos nutricionais por frequentadores de academias de ginástica. RBNE-Revista Brasileira De Nutrição Esportiva, 11(65), 577-583.
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by frequenters of gyms in São Paulo (SP) |
Public profile: 71 people of both sexes, with an average age of 36.7 years |
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Predominant physical activity: weight training |
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Goals for supplement use: maintenance of health and quality of life |
Evaluation of the profile of gym goers regarding the consumption of nutritional supplements and associated factors, in the city of Alfenas (MG) |
Supplements: Whey protein (34.50%) of consumption |
A significant amount of men who consume nutritional supplements with the main goal of muscle hypertrophy. |
Silva et al. (2017)Silva, A. R. P., Silva, A. A. O., & Almeida Paula, H. A. (2017). Avaliação do perfil dos frequentadores de uma academia quanto ao consumo de suplementos nutricionais e fatores associados no município de Alfenas-MG. RBNE-Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 11(67), 916-924. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/930. http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 152 gym attendees with an average age of 24 years old |
Most consume supplements without professional guidance and mainly on their own initiative, which can cause serious health problems in the medium and long term. |
Predominant physical activity: weight training (85.18%) |
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Indication: without expert advice (56.76%) |
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Goals for supplement use: Increased muscle mass (31.25%) |
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Evaluation of the consumption of nutritional supplements by exercise practitioners in a gym in the south of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) |
Supplements: amino acids or protein and thermogenic concentrates |
The use of nutritional supplements is a practice that is part of the reality of the observed group, making clear the need for specific studies with this population, focusing on aspects of nutritional education so that such individuals can have better guidance on their use |
Sussmann (2013)Sussmann, K. (2013). Avaliação do consumo de suplementos nutricionais por praticantes de exercício físico em academia na zona sul do Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 7(37), 35-42. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/366 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 50 people of both sexes, aged between 18 and 58 years old |
Goals for supplement use: muscle hypertrophy and body fat loss |
Indication: nutritionist |
North East |
Consumption of protein-based supplements and knowledge about protein foods by bodybuilders in the city of Toritama (PE) |
Supplements: whey protein and BCAA |
It is necessary to insert the professional nutritionist in the routine of gyms and improve the knowledge of practitioners about protein foods |
Bezerra & Macedo (2013)Bezerra, C. C., & Macedo, E. M. C. (2013). Consumo de suplementos a base de proteína e o conhecimento sobre alimentos proteicos por praticantes de musculação. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 7(40), 224-232. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/398 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 53 bodybuilders of both sexes aged between 18 and 40 years |
Training frequency: 70% with time greater than one year with weight training 4 to 5 x/week. |
Length of stay in the gym: 79.24% more than one hour of activity per day and 20.76% thirty minutes per day. |
Goals for supplement use: Health and aesthetics, weight gain, hypertrophy and definition. |
Consumption period: 50% less than six months and more than 30% more than one year. |
Indication: physical education teachers (50%), nutritionists (5%) |
Consumption of dietary supplements by adult bodybuilders in gyms in the cities of Lagoinha and Pesqueira, located in the Agreste region of Pernambuco |
Supplements: protein supplements (32.7%), thermogenic (12.6%) and BCAA (9.5%) |
The high consumption of dietary supplements by bodybuilders demonstrates the need to sensitize the population to proper and conscious use |
Silva & Silva (2018)Silva, C. C., & Silva, R. P. P. (2018). Consumo de suplementos alimentares por adultos praticantes de musculação em academias no interior de Pernambuco. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 12(73), 617-627. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/1093 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 180 bodybuilders, aged between 18 and 59 years old |
Training frequency: 86.1% in a period of less than 5 years and 77.2% performed weight training five times a week Objectives: 69.4% esthetic (gain in muscle mass and muscle definition) |
Time of consumption: after training (37.6%), during training (4%) |
Indication: Friends/lay (38.2%), physical educator (25.5%), physician and/or nutritionist (9.8%) |
Reasons for the use of nutritional supplements by bodybuilders in gyms in the city of Fortaleza (CE) |
Public profile: 200 people who practice bodybuilding of both sexes with an average age of 24 years |
The huge lack of information on dietary supplements, as well as on proper nutrition, is quite clear in this study and proves the emerging need for qualified professionals within gyms, as the influence that social life and gym teachers exert on their students |
Daniele (2012)Daniele, T. M. C. (2012). Razões para o uso de suplementos nutricionais por praticantes de musculação em academias na cidade de Fortaleza/CE. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício, 11(4), 211-214. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v11i4.3407. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v11i4.34...
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Indication: Physical education teacher |
Goals for supplement use: athletic performance |
Characterization of the profile and habits of dietary supplementation |
Supplements: Whey Protein 80%, BCAA 50%, Creatine 35%, Maltodextrin 30%, Glutamine and vitamin complexes 25%, Carbohydrate-based drink and thermogenic 20% |
The sample profile was formed mostly by subjects with a high level of education, whose main objective is related to aesthetics. There is a predominance in the use of supplements related to muscle mass gain, with whey protein being the most consumed among respondents. The group proved to be quite active, as the majority remained active in the modality for at least a year |
Rodrigues (2017)Rodrigues, A. L. (2017). Caracterização do perfil e dos hábitos de suplementação alimentar de praticantes de musculação em uma academia do município de Fortaleza-CE. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 11(66), 662-668.
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of bodybuilders in a gym in Fortaleza (CE) |
Public profile: 40 people of both sexes aged 26-30 years |
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Goals for supplement use: 50% improvement in esthetics |
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Reason for use: gain muscle mass, increase energy and mood 20%, improve performance 17.5%, compensate for food deficiencies 12.5%, improve health 10% and prevent diseases 5% |
Consumption of nutritional supplements by practitioners of physical activities in two gyms in Salvador (BA) |
Supplements: BCAA and Whey Protein |
The use of supplements is growing and individuals have become aware of seeking guidance, however, the demand for a nutrition professional is still low. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly carry out studies on the use of such products and their consequences |
Santos & Farias (2017)Santos, A. V., & Farias, F. O. (2017). Consumption of nutritional supplements by practitiones of physical activities in two academies of Salvador-BA. Rbne-Revista Brasileira de Nutricao Esportiva, 11(64), 454-461.
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Public profile: 187 people of both sexes between 18 and 59 years old |
Usage time: less than six months (37%) |
Frequency of use: four to six times a week (67%). |
Objective: muscle hypertrophy (34%). |
Indication: nutritionist or physical educator (33%). |
Objective for the practice of physical activity: health and well-being |
Time of physical activity: 61% have been practicing for more than a year, from three to six hours a week (47%) |
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Profile of nutritional supplement consumption by exercise practitioners in gyms in Vitória da Conquista (BA) |
Supplements: Whey Protein, Thermogenic, BCAA. |
Although the prescription by qualified professionals was higher, the use of supplements in the analyzed group is low, but there is always a need for nutritional education to ensure safety in their use |
Brito & Liberali (2012)Brito, D. S., & Liberali, R. (2012). Profile of consumption of nutritional supplements for practitioners of physical exercise in the academies of the city of Vitoria da Conquista-BA. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 6(31), 66-76.
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Public profile: 137 people - 47.5% men and 52.5% women |
Objective: muscle hypertrophy |
Indication: 33% by the nutritionist. |
Expenses: R$ 51.00 to 75.00 (31%). |
Practice of physical exercise: 3 to 6 hours/week (48%), 49% for more than 1 year |
Exercise objective: increase muscle mass (50%) |
Most practiced modality: weight training (39%) |
North |
Evaluation of consumption of ergogenic food supplements by practitioners of physical activity in gyms in Manaus (AM) |
Supplements: Whey Protein (73%) and branched chain amino acids “BCAA” (79%) |
The routine use of these supplements, mostly without the supervision of a qualified professional, with the possibility of serious health problems, alerting to a current and serious problem |
Vieira et al. (2019)Vieira, D. M., Martins Neta, G. P., Tupinambá, Í. M., Couceiro, K. D. N., Silva, M. D. S., Horstmann, H., & Maduro, I. P. D. N. N. (2019). Avaliação do consumo de suplementos alimentares ergorgênicos por praticantes de atividade física em academias de ginástica em Manaus, Amazonas. Revista de Ciências da Saúde da Amazônia, 1, 29-38. Retrieved from http://periodicos.uea.edu.br/index.php/cienciasdasaude/article/view/1150 http://periodicos.uea.edu.br/index.php/c...
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Public profile: 250 people, 155 men (62%), with an average age of 28 years |
Indication: Physical Education instructors and teachers, salespeople, friends and self-indication |
Assessment of knowledge among physically active and sedentary practitioners about the physiological and adverse effects of thermogenic supplements in Santarém (PA) |
Supplements: Thermogenic |
Knowledge about thermogenics is greater in the group of practitioners of physical activity. Insomnia represents the main adverse effect of the participants and, since most use thermogenics indiscriminately, educational actions with these groups are necessary |
Santos & Ramos (2018)Santos, D. A., & Ramos, L. F. P. (2018). Avaliação do conhecimento entre praticantes de atividade física e sedentários sobre os efeitos fisiológicos e adversos dos suplementos termogênicos. Revista Brasileira de Nutriçao Esportiva, 12(75), 875-883. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/1158 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 102 participants, 52 practitioners of physical activity and 50 sedentary individuals aged 18 to 24 years (59.8%) from Santarém (PA) |
Goals for supplement use: 42.1% of practitioners of physical activity was weight loss and 90.9% achieved expectations; 58% of sedentary people cited the stimulant function and 90% met expectations |
Side effect: 23.5% and 23.8% of physical activity and sedentary people, respectively, reported insomnia |
Indication: For practitioners of physical activity - own initiative (54.5%) and nutritionist (9.1%). For sedentary - own initiative (70.8%) and nutritionist (4.2%) |
Profile of users of anabolic steroids and dietary supplements in resistance training practitioners in the city of Gurupi (TO) |
Supplements: 30.7% carbohydrates, 46.1% protein or carnitine and 30.76% thermogenic |
The profile of the group is mostly young, male, with complete elementary education, consume supplementation, in the search for hypertrophy |
Sousa et al. (2012)Sousa, P. M. A., Olher, R. D. R. V., & Asano, R. Y. (2012). Perfil de usuários de anabolizantes e suplementos alimentares em praticantes de treinamento resistido da cidade de Gurupi-TO. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 6(34), 261-267. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/302 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 56 people of both genders over 18 years old |
Frequency of use: daily (69.2%) and (53.8%) uses it for at least four months |
Indication: friends (38.46%), gym professionals (30.76%) |
Knowledge about Food Supplements by Health Professionals from Palmas (TO) |
Supplements: carbohydrates, amino acids and sports drinks |
The professionals' knowledge was average, few observed the emergence of side effects in their patients and most had no postgraduate training in the field of sports science. |
Miranda et al. (2020)Miranda, M. S. C., Borges, M. C. S., Gratão, L. H. A., & Nascimento, G. N. L. (2020). Knowledge about food supplements by health professionals. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Saúde., 24, 133-140.
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Public profile: 30 people of both sexes, 15 physical educators and 15 nutritionists |
Applied questions: knowledge about the action and purpose of supplements |
Results: average hit of approximately 70% |
South |
Evaluation of the profile of whey protein supplement use by bodybuilders in gyms in the city of Chapecó (SC) |
Supplements: Whey Protein |
The consumption profile of bodybuilders in this study is unsatisfactory. Participants are aware of the importance of nutritional monitoring, however, they do not do it correctly because they use supplements as recommended by the Physical Education professional, followed by use on their own. |
Vieira et al. (2017)Vieira, V. B. R., Zanuzzo, C. M., & Sandrini, H. M. (2017). Perfil do uso de suplemento proteico do tipo whey protein por praticantes de musculação. Revista Corpus Hippocraticum, 1(1), 1-9.
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Public profile: 40 people, 34 males with an average age of 31 years |
Training frequency: Up to three times (22.5%), four times (7.5%), five times (50%), six or seven times (20%) |
Goals for supplement use: Mass gain (82.5%), increased strength (2.5%), increased calorie intake (10%), muscle recovery (30%), and others (2.50%) |
Indication: Physical education teachers (29.5%), self-nomination (20.45%), friends (20.45%), nutritionist (18.8%) and salesperson (2.27%) |
Investigation of the consumption of nutritional supplements in bodybuilders in gyms in the city of Tenente Portela (RS) |
Supplements: Whey Protein (41.17%), Creatine (23.52%), Albumin (23.52%), Amino Acids (23.52%) and others (11.79%) |
The consumption of food supplements is considerably low in bodybuilders. In addition, the prescription is usually performed by untrained professionals |
Marchioro & Benetti (2015)Marchioro, E. M., & Benetti, F. (2015). Consumo de suplementos nutricionais por praticantes de musculação o em academias do município de Tenente Portela-RS. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 9(49), 40-52. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/499 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 30 bodybuilders with an average age of 27 years, 56.7% of whom were male. |
Training frequency: Up to 3X (52.9% men and 46.2% women). According to the daily workload, 58.8% of men and 61.5% of women practice weight training for 45-60 minutes a day. |
Goals for supplement use: Hypertrophy |
Indication: Physical education teachers (42.2%), self-nomination (23.2%), friends (22.5%) and nutritionist (12.1%) |
Evaluation of the consumption of nutritional supplements by practitioners of physical activity in gyms in the city of Toledo (PR) |
Supplements: Whey Protein (32.2%), BCAA (21.2%), Creatine (20.5%), Vitamin Complexes (15.6%) and others (10.5%) |
The consumption of supplements by practitioners from Toledo was lower than the literature |
Vidaletti et al. (2019)Vidaletti, C., Souza, E. B., & Bernardi, D. M. (2019). Consumo de suplementos nutricionais por praticantes de atividade física. Fag Journal Of Health, 1(3), 147-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.35984/fjh.v1i3.90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35984/fjh.v1i3.90...
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Public profile: 410 individuals with an average age of 27 years, 58% of which were male. |
Training frequency: Up to three times (24.1%), four times (21%), five times (32.9), six or seven times (22%) |
Goals for supplement use: Hypertrophy (49.3%), Quality of life (25.6%), Weight Loss (17.3%) and others (7.8%) |
Indication: Self-nomination (21.2%), physical education teachers (14.1%), nutritionist (11%) |
Analysis of the consumption of nutritional supplements and the effectiveness of an individualized nutritional monitoring plan in bodybuilders who attend a gym in Frederico Westphalen (RS) |
Supplements: Whey Protein (27%), Creatine (13%), BCAA (10%), Albumin (10%) and others (40%) |
The groups that received nutritional guidance and an individualized eating plan showed reductions in weight, waist circumference and percentage of body fat, a fact that reinforces the importance of the professional nutritionist's role in gyms |
Bertoletti et al. (2016)Bertoletti, A. C., Santos, A., & Benetti, F. (2016). Consumo de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de musculação e sua relação com o acompanhamento nutricional individualizado. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 10(58), 371-380. Retrieved from http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/652 http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/ar...
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Public profile: 24 individuals with an average age of 21 years. |
Training frequency: Up to five times (50%) |
Goals for supplement use: Improved Training (53%), Esthetics (23%), Nutritional Recommendation (3%) and others (21%) |
Indication: Friends (53%), self-nomination (18%), physical education teachers (18%), salesperson (7%) and nutritionist (4%) |
Verification of the use of nutritional supplements or other ergogenic resources by individuals who practice bodybuilding in gyms in a neighborhood of Florianópolis (SC) |
Supplements: Whey Protein (32%), Maltodextrin (13%) BCAA (13%), Hypercaloric (9%) and others (33%) |
50% of practitioners consume some type of nutritional supplement or other ergogenic resources and the vast majority of them use it on their own initiative or indication of third parties, that is, without any professional indication |
Wagner (2011)Wagner, M. (2011). Avaliação do uso de suplementos nutricionais e outros recursos ergogênicos por praticantes de musculação em academias de um bairro de Florianópolis-SC. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 5(26), 5.
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Public profile: 98 individuals, 62% of whom were male, with an average age of 32 years. |
Goals for supplement use: Hypertrophy (79.6%) |
Indication: Self-referral (34.7%), friends (28.6%), physical education teachers (14.3%), nutritionist (12.2%) and salesperson (10.2%) |