Nutritional and health benefits of legumes and their distinctive genomic properties

ÇAKIR, Özgür; UÇARLI, Cüneyt; TARHAN, Çağatay; PEKMEZ, Murat; TURGUT-KARA, Neslihan

doi:10.1590/fst.42117

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Food Science and Technology

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Review Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 39 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.42117 copy

Nutritional and health benefits of legumes and their distinctive genomic properties

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Legumes are indispensable for human diet in respect to their valuable and nutritive bioactive molecules. Legumes and derivative foodstuffs are rich in fiber, proteins, vitamins and some valuable phytochemicals, which exhibit important biological activities. Due to their remarkable molecular content, they are receiving great attention by researchers. Recent developments in genomics and bioinformatics led to cumulative data about legume genomes. These data could provide important information to accelerate breeding and to develop new traits for biofortification. The main focus of this review is to present their distinctive genomic properties by summarizing significant studies conducted with relatively newly developed techniques revealing the beneficial effects of bioactive molecules from legumes on human health.

Keywords:
Leguminosae; nutritional properties; health; bioactive compounds; legume genomes

	Unit	Soybeans	Peas	lentils	Lupins	Chickpea	White bean	Black bean
Energy	kcal	172	118	116	119	164	139	132
Protein	g	18.21	8.34	9.02	15.57	8.86	9.73	8.86
Fat	g	8.97	0.39	0.38	2.92	2.59	0.35	0.54
Carbohydrate	g	8.36	21.10	20.13	9.88	27.42	25.09	23.71
Dietary Fiber	g	6	8.3	7.9	2.8	7.6	6.3	8.7
Minerals
Calcium, Ca	mg	102	14	19	51	49	90	27
Iron, Fe	mg	5.14	1.29	3.33	1.20	2.89	3.70	2.10
Magnesium, Mg	mg	86	36	36	54	48	63	70
Phosphorus, P	mg	245	99	180	128	168	113	140
Potassium, K	mg	515	362	369	245	291	561	355
Sodium, Na	mg	1	2	2	4	7	6	1
Zinc, Zn	mg	1.15	1.00	1.27	1.38	1.53	1.38	1.12
Vitamins
Vitamin C	mg	1.7	0.4	1.5	1.1	1.3	0.0	0.0
Thiamin	mg	0.155	0.190	0.169	0.134	0.116	0.118	0.244
Riboflavin	mg	0.285	0.056	0.073	0.053	0.063	0.046	0.059
Niacin	mg	0.399	0.890	1.060	0.495	0.526	0.140	0.505
Vitamin B-6	mg	0.234	0.048	0.178	0.009	0.139	0.093	0.069
Folate, DFE	µg	54	65	181	59	172	81	149
Vitamin B-12	µg	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Vitamin A, IU	IU	9	7	8	7	27	0	6
Vitamin D	IU	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vitamin E	mg		0.03	0.11			0.94	0.87
Vitamin K	µg		5.0	1.7		4	3.5	3.3
Lipids
Fatty acids, total saturated	g	1.297	0.054	0.053	0.346	0.269	0.091	0.139
Fatty acids, total monounsaturated	g	1.981	0.081	0.064	1.180	0.583	0.031	0.047
Fatty acids, total polyunsaturated	g	5.064	0.165	0.175	0.730	1.156	0.152	0.231
Fatty acids, total trans	g	0.00	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Legume Source	Involved metabolism	Type of study	Beneficial effect	Reference
Dry beans, peas and peanuts	Cardiovascular	Epidemiologic Follow-up Study	22% reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) and 11% reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD)	Bazzano et al. (2001) Bazzano, L. A., He, J., Ogden, L. G., Loria, C., Vupputuri, S., Myers, L., & Whelton, P. K. (2001). Legume consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 161(21), 2573-2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.21.2573. PMid:11718588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161....
Legumes	Cardiovascular	Meta-analysis	Decreased risk of 10% in both CVD and CHD	Marventano et al. (2017 Marventano, S., Pulido, M. I., Sanchez-Gonzalez, C., Godos, J., Speciani, A., Galvano, F., & Grosso, G. (2017). Legume consumption and CVD risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutrition, 20(2), 245-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002299. PMid:28077199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S136898001600... )
Baked beans	Hypercholesterolemia	unblinded, 2 × 2 randomized crossover with baked bean treatment and a control treatment	5.6% reduction in total cholesterol and 5.4% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	Winham & Hutchins (2007 Winham, D. M., & Hutchins, A. M. (2007). Baked bean consumption reduces serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults. Nutrition Research, 27(7), 380-386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007.04.017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2007... )
Cooked beans, chickpeas or lentils	Cardiovascular and diabetic	randomized controlled trial	Reduced hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) level and reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk	Jenkins et al. (2012 Jenkins, D. J., Kendall, C. W., Augustin, L. S., Mitchell, S., Sahye-Pudaruth, S., Blanco Mejia, S., Chiavaroli, L., Mirrahimi, A., Ireland, C., Bashyam, B., Vidgen, E., Souza, R. J., Sievenpiper, J. L., Coveney, J., Leiter, L. A., & Josse, R. G. (2012). Effect of legumes as part of a low glycemic index diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Internal Medicine , 172(21), 1653-1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.70. PMid:23089999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainte... )
Five cups/week yellow peas, chickpeas, navy beans and lentils)	Metabolic syndrome	Randomized Controlled Trial	Reduced risk factors of the Metabolic syndrome	Mollard et al. (2012 Mollard, R. C., Luhovyy, B. L., Panahi, S., Nunez, M., Hanley, A., & Anderson, G. H. (2012). Regular consumption of pulses for 8 weeks reduces metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese adults. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(S1, Suppl 1), S111-S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512000712. PMid:22916807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200... )
Beans with low-GI diet	Glycaemia and obesity	randomized, crossover study	Improvement in metabolic control in type 2 obese diabetic patients and weight loss	Jimenez-Cruz et al. (2003 Jimenez-Cruz, A., Bacardi-Gascon, M., Turnbull, W. H., Rosales-Garay, P., & Severino-Lugo, I. (2003). A flexible, low-glycemic index Mexican-style diet in overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes improves metabolic parameters during a 6-week treatment period. Diabetes Care, 26(7), 1967-1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.7.1967. PMid:12832297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.7.... )
Azuki bean juice	Hypertriglyceridemia	Randomized double-blind parallel-group trial	Reduction in triglyceride by suppression of lipase inhibitory activity	Maruyama et al. (2008 Maruyama, C., Araki, R., Kawamura, M., Kondo, N., Kigawa, M., Kawai, Y., Takanami, Y., Miyashita, K., & Shimomitsu, T. (2008). Azuki bean juice lowers serum triglyceride concentrations in healthy young women. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition , 43(1), 19-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008039. PMid:18648655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008039 ... )
Legume seed extracts	Colon cancer	Test-tube Lab Research	Inhibition of MMP-9 activity and cell migration in colon carcinoma cells.	Lima et al. (2016 Lima, A. I. G., Mota, J., Monteiro, S. A. V. S., & Ferreira, R. M. S. B. (2016). Legume seeds and colorectal cancer revisited: Protease inhibitors reduce MMP-9 activity and colon cancer cell migration. Food Chemistry, 197(Pt A), 30-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.063. PMid:26616921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.20... )
Raw or cooked- bean extracts	Colon cancer	Animal Research Studies	Inhibition of aberrant foci crypt development in rat colon	Feregrino-Perez et al. (2008 Feregrino-Perez, A. A., Berumen, L. C., Garcia-Alcocer, G., Guevara-Gonzalez, R. G., Ramos-Gomez, M., Reynoso-Camacho, R., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Loarca-Pina, G. (2008). Composition and chemopreventive effect of polysaccharides from common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on azoxymethane-induced colon cancer. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(18), 8737-8744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8007162. PMid:18754663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8007162 ... )
Lunasin peptides isolated from soybean	Colon cancer	Test-tube Lab Research	Lunasin caused a G2/M cell cycle arrest on HT-29 colon cancer cells	Caccialupi et al. (2010 Caccialupi, P., Ceci, L. R., Siciliano, R. A., Pignone, D., Clemente, A., & Sonnante, G. (2010). Bowman-birk inhibitors in lentil: Heterologous expression, functional characterisation and anti-proliferative properties in human colon cancer cells. Food Chemistry , 120(4), 1058-1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.20... )
Protein isolates of germinated soybean	Cervical cancer	Animal Research Studies	Decreased in the expression of PTTG1 and TOP2A (2 genes considered as therapeutic targets) causing apoptosis of cancer cells.	Robles-Ramírez et al. (2012 Robles-Ramírez, M. C., Ramón-Gallegos, E., Reyes-Duarte, F. J., & Mora-Escobedo, R. (2012). Effect of germinated soy protein on the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells in female athymic mice. Nutrition and Cancer, 64(8), 1261-1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012.717681. PMid:23163854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2012... )
Soybean soyasaponin I	Skin cancer	Animal Research Studies	Decreased in the expression of α-2,3-linked sialic acid on the cell surface, which in turn suppresses the metastatic potential of melanoma cells	Chang et al. (2006 Chang, W. W., Yu, C. Y., Lin, T. W., Wang, P. H., & Tsai, Y. C. (2006). Soyasaponin I decreases the expression of alpha2,3-linked sialic acid on the cell surface and suppresses the metastatic potential of B16F10 melanoma cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 341(2), 614-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.216. PMid:16427612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.1... )
Lunasin peptides isolated from soybean	Skin cancer	Test-tube Lab Research	Chemopreventive agent	Galvez et al. (2001 Galvez, A. F., Chen, N., Macasieb, J., & Lumen, B. O. (2001). Chemopreventive property of a soybean peptide (lunasin) that binds to deacetylated histones and inhibits acetylation. Cancer Research, 61(20), 7473-7478. PMid:11606382. )
Brown Kidney Bean Bowman–Birk Trypsin Inhibitor	Breast cancer	Test-tube Lab Research	Inhibition of the proliferation of human breast cancer cells	Chan et al. (2013 Chan, Y. S., Zhang, Y. B., & Ng, T. B. (2013). Brown kidney bean bowman-birk trypsin inhibitor is heat and ph stable and exhibits anti-proliferative activity. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 169(4), 1306-1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9998-8. PMid:23306898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-99... )

Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Av. Brasil, 2880, Caixa Postal 271, 13001-970 Campinas SP - Brazil, Tel.: +55 19 3241.5793, Tel./Fax.: +55 19 3241.0527 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@sbcta.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Corresponding author: ozgurckr@istanbul.edu.tr