Investigation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of some <i>Salvia</i> species commonly grown in Southwest Anatolia using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

KIVRAK, Şeyda; GÖKTÜRK, Tolga; KIVRAK, İbrahim; KAYA, Ergun; KARABABA, Erşan

doi:10.1590/fst.32017

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Food Science and Technology

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Food Sci. Technol 39 (02) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.32017 copy

Investigation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of some Salvia species commonly grown in Southwest Anatolia using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Aerial parts of Salvia albimaculata Hedge & Hub.-Mor., Salvia potentillifolia Boiss & Heldr. ex Bentham. and Salvia nydeggeri Hub.-Mor. from Soutwest Anatolia, Turkey were evaluated to determine their phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties. According to the ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis results, caffeic acid (3582.8 ± 2.5 μg/g, 2956.5 ± 4.6 μg/g and 2457.7 ± 3.1 μg/g) and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (1846.2 ± 3.1 μg/g, 2019.1 ± 2.2 μg/g and 1901.3 ± 1.5 μg/g) were found to be in the highest concentrations in S. potentillifolia, S. albimaculata and S. nydeggeri, respectively. Total amounts of phenolics and flavonoids were determined highest in ethyl acetate extracts of samples and varied from 62.4 ± 0.1 to 55.4 ± 0.0 µg PEs/mg and from 296.8 ± 1.4 to 198.4 ± 1.5 µg QEs/mg, respectively. Antioxidant activity of S. potentillifolia was found to be higher than the others for ABTS^•+ and β-carotene linoleic acid assays (SC₅₀ = 49.8 ± 0.9 and IC₅₀ = 26.1 ± 0.6 µg /mL, respectively) while S. albimaculata was found to be higher for DPPH^• assay (SC₅₀ = 227.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL).

Keywords:
antioxidant activity; phenolics; Salvia albimaculata; Salvia nydeggeri; UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

No	Compounds	Quantification > confirmatory transition (m/z)	Cone voltage (V)	Collision energy (V)	Retention time (min)
1	Pyrogallol	125.01 > 69.10, 79.04, 81.02	20	17, 17, 14	0.97
2	Gallic acid	168.95 > 125.02, 107.02, 97.02	20	25, 20, 14	1.10
3	Homogentisic acid	167.03 > 123.03, 122.08, 108.00	10	20, 20, 10	1.47
4	3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid	153.06 > 108.00, 81.01, 91.01	10	20, 25, 20	1.86
5	Gentisic acid	153.05 > 109.04, 108.03, 81.00	10	20, 20, 12	1.86
6	Pyrocatechol	153.06 > 81.01, 108.00, 109.04	8	20, 25, 20	2.38
7	Galantamin	288.10 > 198.00, 213.09, 230.95	20	32, 23, 17	2.68
8	4-Hydroxy benzoic acid	136.98 > 93.03, 65.10	10	25, 14	2.75
9	3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde	137.00 > 91.93, 107.94, 136.00	8	21, 20, 18	2.76
10	Catechin hydrate	288.88 > 109.15, 124.99, 245.26	30	25, 20, 15	3.45
11	Vanillic acid	166.98 > 151.97, 108.03, 123.03	20	18, 12, 14	3.61
12	Caffeic acid	179.10 > 135.14, 107.10, 133.9	32	23, 23, 24	3.67
13	Syringic acid	197.20 > 123.00, 167.00, 182.00	15	22, 18, 14	4.11
14	Vanillin	150.95 > 135.94, 91.90, 107.97	30	20, 20, 14	4.51
15	p-Coumaric acid	163.01 > 119.04, 93.00, 117.01	5	27, 27, 15	4.65
16	Ferulic acid	193.03 > 134.06, 178.00, 149.02	20	16, 12, 13	5.36
17	Epicatechin	189.18 > 151.00, 203.00, 205.00	20	20, 20, 20	5.50
18	Chlorogenic acid	353.02 > 191.01, 179.09, 161.02	30	30, 28, 24	5.52
19	Catechin gallate	441.00 > 168.98, 288.97	30	20, 20	5.91
20	Rutin	609.00 > 254.99, 270.93, 299.90	17	55, 55, 40	5.95
21	trans-2-Hydroxycinnamic acid	163.04 > 119.04, 117.01, 93.07	10	25, 22, 13	6.32
22	Myricetin	316.90 > 107.07, 137.01, 150.97	30	30, 25, 25	6.83
23	Resveratrol	227.01 > 143.01, 159.05, 185.03	30	25, 18, 18	7.13
24	trans-Cinnamic acid	146.98 > 103.03, 62.18	30	10, 10	8.19
25	Luteolin	284.91 > 107.01, 133.05, 151.02	20	30, 33, 30	8.32
26	Quercetin	303.00 > 137.00, 153.00, 229.00	20	30, 32, 30	8.29
27	Naringenin	270.98 > 107.00, 119.04, 150.97	20	25, 25, 20	9.07
28	Genistein	271.00 > 153.00, 215.00, 243.00	20	27, 25, 24	9.22
29	Apigenin	269.10 > 107.00, 117.00, 149.00	20	30, 30, 25	9.35
30	Kaempferol	284.90 > 158.97, 117.10, 227.14	10	34, 40, 30	9.50
31	Hesperetin	301.02 > 108.01, 136.00, 163.99	20	36, 30, 24	9.71
32	Chrysin	252.99 > 63.05, 107.05, 142.99	20	30, 25, 25	11.06

Extracts		Total Phenolic Content (µg PEs /mg of extact)	Total Flavonoid Content (µg QEs /mg of extract)
S. albimaculata	Methanol	52.3 ± 0.5	158.4 ± 1.0
	Hexane	41.3 ± 0.6	32.3 ± 0.7
	Ethyl acetate	56.3 ± 0.0	296.8 ± 1.4
	Water	36.4 ± 0.5	88.1 ± 1.0
S. potentillifolia	Methanol	53.2 ± 0.4	168.5 ± 1.0
	Hexane	49.2 ± 1.1	35.1 ± 0.7
	Ethyl acetate	62.4 ± 0.1	292.2 ± 1.1
	Water	46.0 ± 1.3	118.5 ± 0.9
S. nydeggeri	Methanol	46.1 ± 0.5	136.0 ± 1.2
	Hexane	41.1 ± 1.0	29.1 ± 0.7
	Ethyl acetate	55.4 ± 0.0	198.4 ± 1.5
	Water	36.3 ± 0.8	99.1 ± 0.9

No	Compounds	Retention time (min)	S. potentillifolia	S. nydeggeri	S. albimaculata
1	Pyrogallol	0.97	nd	nd	nd
2	Gallic acid	1.10	nd	nd	nd
3	Homogentisic acid	1.47	690.1 ± 1.2	100.2 ± 0.9	550.3 ± 1.7
4	3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid	1.86	1846.4 ± 3.1	1901.3 ± 1.5	2019.1 ± 2.2
5	Gentisic acid	1.86	1240.2 ± 1.3	1236.7 ± 2.9	1201.1 ± 1.5
6	Pyrocatechol	2.38	294.8 ± 1.1	251.4 ± 0.7	198.5 ± 0.8
7	Galantamin	2.68	nd	nd	nd
8	4-Hydroxy benzoic acid	2.75	1126.9 ± 2.3	998.5 ± 1.3	1236.5 ± 2.5
9	3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde	2.76	996.9 ± 0.7	1047.6 ± 1.5	1006.1 ± 3.3
10	Catechin hydrate	3.45	nd	nd	nd
11	Vanillic acid	3.61	927.5 ± 1.1	1021.5 ± 2.2	999.5 ± 1.2
12	Caffeic acid	3.67	3582.8 ± 2.5	2457.7 ± 3.1	2956.5 ± 4.6
13	Syringic acid	4.11	1322.1 ± 3.3	963.6 ± 2.8	1635.7 ± 3.1
14	Vanillin	4.51	1223.0 ± 3.1	734.6 ± 1.0	1146.1 ± 2.1
15	p-Coumaric acid	4.65	312.4 ± 1.0	214.5 ± 1.0	424.3 ± 3.7
16	Ferulic acid	5.36	981.0 ± 2.1	1002.5 ± 1.9	1057.1 ± 2.3
17	Epicatechin	5.50	nd	nd	nd
18	Chlorogenic acid	5.52	nd	nd	nd
19	Catechin gallate	5.91	nd	nd	nd
20	Rutin	5.95	266.8 ± 2.3	254.4 ± 1.6	199.1 ± 0.9
21	trans-2-Hydroxycinnamic acid	6.32	nd	nd	nd
22	Myricetin	6.83	nd	nd	nd
23	Resveratrol	7.23	nd	nd	nd
24	trans-Cinnamic acid	8.19	10.3 ± 0.9	12.9 ± 0.7	14.7 ± 1.0
25	Luteolin	8.32	857.0 ± 3.6	1101.5 ± 2.0	953.0 ± 2.2
26	Quercetin	8.29	nd	nd	nd
27	Naringenin	9.17	11.1 ± 1.0	15.4 ± 1.3	12.1 ± 0.9
28	Genistein	9.22	160.1 ± 0.1	99.1 ± 0.1	178.1 ± 0.2
29	Apigenin	9.35	171.1 ± 1.0	151.3 ± 0.9	182.0 ± 1.2
30	Kaempferol	9.50	941.3 ± 2.5	1121.9 ± 4.4	854.6 ± 2.1
31	Hesperetin	9.71	71.1 ± 1.2	112.3 ± 2.6	82.1 ± 2.5
32	Chrysin	11.06	8.1 ± 0.5	9.3 ± 1.0	7.1 ± 0.5

Extracts/Standards	β-Carotene-linoleic acid IC₅₀ (µg/mL)	DPPH^• SC₅₀ (µg/mL)	ABTS^•+ SC₅₀ (µg/mL)
S. albimaculata	29.3 ± 1.2	227.4 ± 1.1	50.2 ± 1.0
S. potentillifolia	26.1 ± 0.6	248.4 ± 2.2	49.8 ± 0.9
S. nydeggeri	32.6 ± 1.4	312.6 ± 0.7	52.3 ± 1.0
BHA	32.3 ± 1.2	168.5 ± 0.8	20.6 ± 0.9
BHT	34.3 ± 1.0	155.4 ± 0.6	28.6 ± 0.7
α-Tocopherol	38.1 ± 0.7	179.5 ± 1.3	32.1 ± 0.6

Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos Av. Brasil, 2880, Caixa Postal 271, 13001-970 Campinas SP - Brazil, Tel.: +55 19 3241.5793, Tel./Fax.: +55 19 3241.0527 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@sbcta.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Corresponding author: seydakivrak@gmail.com