Fast aging technology of novel kiwifruit wine and dynamic changes of aroma components during storage

ZHANG, Yu; QIU, Qing; XU, Yanghui; ZHU, Junying; YUAN, Meng; CHEN, Maobin

doi:10.1590/fst.98422

Yu ZHANG ^**Corresponding author: yuzhang@mail.hbut.edu.cn

Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Qing QIU

Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-2988

Yanghui XU

Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Junying ZHU

Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Meng YUAN

Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

Maobin CHEN

Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China

*Corresponding author: yuzhang@mail.hbut.edu.cn

Author contributions

Yu Zhang: Writing - review and draft, methodology, resources & formal analysis. Qing Qiu: Writing - original draft, data curation. Yanghui Xu: Conceptualisation, softwarevalidation. Junying Zhu: Data analysis, methodology. Meng Yuan: Project administration, investigation..Maobin Chen: Supervision, resources & funding acquisition.

Sensory attributes		Score
Olfactory attributes	Fruity aroma	0-9
	Flowery aroma	0-9
	Sweet aroma	0-9
	Green and sour aroma	0-9
	Mellow aroma	0-9
Gustatory attributes	Bitterness	0-9
	Sour	0-9
	Astringency	0-9
	Sweetness	0-9
	Pungency	0-9
	Color	0-9
Appearance attributes	Clarification	0-9
Overall quality		0-108

Serial No.	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	Relative Content /%
Serial No.	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	0d	120d	240d
Esters
1	Ethyl formate	C₃H₆O₂	0.825	0.721	0.525
2	Ethyl acetate	C₄H₈O	4.024	3.675	3.467
3	Methyl butyrate	C₅H₁₀O₂	0.324	0.214	0.194
4	Ethyl butyrate	C₆H₁₂O₂	0.124	0.101	0.114
5	Butyl acetate	C₆H₁₂O₂	0.095	0.110	0.124
6	Isoamyl acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	1.761	1.825	3.345
7	Ethyl hexanoate	C₈H₁₆O₂	1.181	2.298	4.412
8	Hexyl acetate	C₈H₁₆O₂	0.118	4.245	6.124
9	Butyl Methacrylate	C₈H₁₄O₂	0	0.017	0.035
10	Diethyl succinate	C₈H₁₄O₄	0.474	0.321	0.245
11	Ethyl caprylate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	4.593	4.125	3.567
12	9-Decenoic acid ethyl ester	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	0.231	0.195	0.224
13	Benzyl acetate	C₉H₁₀O₂	0.003	0	0.001
14	Ethyl phenylacetate	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	3.81	3.569	4.577
15	Isoamyl hexanoate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.007	0.024	0.031
16	Phenethyl acetate	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	2.893	2.568	2.721
17	Ethyl pelargonate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.966	2.124	3.890
18	Methyl decanoate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.059	0.042	0.065
19	Tert-Butyl perbenzoate	C₁₁H₁₄O₃	0	0	0.039
20	Ethyl caprate	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	3.829	4.215	3.949
21	Ethyl undecanoate	C₁₃H₂₆O₂	0.079	0.056	0.031
22	Ethyl laurate	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.681	1.242	1.856
23	Butyl Butyryllactate	C₁₁H₂₀O₄	0.198	0.112	0.091
24	Acetic acid 2-phenylethyl ester	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	0.018	0	0.009
25	Decanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester	C₁₅H₃₀O₂	0.028	0.017	0.012
26	Ethyl myristate	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	0.059	0.051	0.067
27	Octyl acetate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	0.014	0.007	0.012
28	Diisobutyl phthalate	C₁₆H₂₂O₄	0	0.103	0.117
29	Ethyl (S)-2-hydroxypropionate	C₅H₁₀O₃	0	0.031	0.047
30	Ethyl Palmitate	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	0.223	0.273	0.323
31	Ethyl linoleate	C₂₀H₃₆O₂	0.014	0.007	0.004
32	Ethyl Oleate	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	0.025	0.021	0.015
33	Ethyl stearate	C₂₀H₄₀O₂	0	0.012	0.017
Total esters			26.656	32.321	40.25
Alcohols
34	Ethyl alcohol	C₂H₆O	29.918	27.187	23.126
35	Propyl alcohol	C₃H₈O	0.167	0.121	0.104
36	Isobutyl alcohol	C₄H₁₀O	3.123	2.894	2.534
37	Isoamyl alcohol	C₅H₁₂O	10.673	8.125	6.245
38	2,3-Butanediol	C₄H₁₀O₂	2.879	2.124	1.676
39	Acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal	C₆H₁₄O₂	0	0.021	0.034
40	Hexyl alcohol	C₆H₁₄O	2.352	2.589	2.012
41	N-caprylic alcohol	C₈H₁₈O	0.206	0.187	0.145
42	Phenethyl alcohol	C₈H₁₀O	9.14	6.25	4.23
43	2-Ethylhexyl alcohol	C₈H₁₈O	0.025	0.012	0.009
44	α-Terpineol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0	0	0.103
45	1-Nonanol	C₉H₂₀O	0.145	0.178	0.212
46	3-p-Menthanol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.639	0.524	0.421
47	1-Decanol	C₁₀H₂₂O	0	0.008	0.014
48	Decyl alcohol	C₁₀H₂₂O	0.012	0.015	0.018
49	D-Citronellol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.135	0.112	0.094
50	Lauryl alcohol	C₁₂H₂₆O	0	0	0.005
51	Diacetone-D-Mannitol	C₁₂H₂₂O₆	0.021	0.019	0.014
52	Cedrol	C₁₅H₂₆O	0	0.042	0.055
Total alcohols			59.435	50.408	41.051
acids
53	2-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid	C₈H₉NO₂	0	0	0.462
54	DL-leucic acid	C₆H₁₂O₃	0.131	0.145	0.225
55	Acetic acid	C₂H₄O₂	0.345	0.415	0.382
56	Butyric acid	C₄H₈O₂	0.007	0.012	0.024
57	Capric acid	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	0.455	0.411	0.524
58	Octanoic acid	C₈H₁₆O₂	0	0.051	0.062
59	Lauric acid	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	0.021	0.032	0.041
Total acids			0.959	1.311	1.72
aldoketones
60	Acetaldehyde	C₂H₄O	0.055	0.078	0.045
61	Benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	0	0.017	0.012
62	Phenylacetaldehyde	C₈H₈O	0.031	0.043	0.027
63	Pelargonic aldehyde	C₉H₁₈O	0.062	0.076	0.061
64	Decyl aldehyde	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.498	0.576	0.356
65	3-Octanone	C₈H₁₆O	0	0	0.037
66	Damascenone	C₁₃H₁₈O	0	0.092	0.112
67	Geranyl acetone	C₁₃H₂₂O	0.136	0.241	0.175
Total aldoketones			0.776	1.111	0.819
others
68	2-Chloro-2-nitropropane	C₃H₆ClNO₂	0.536	0	0
69	2,6-Dimethylmorpholine	C₆H₁₃NO	0.338	0	0
70	3-Isopropyl-6-methylene-1-cyclohexene	C₁₀H₁₆	0.272	0.243	0.198
71	Cycloheptatriene	C₇H₈	0.025	0.017	0.009
72	Vinyl benzene	C₈H₈	0.143	0.121	0.098
73	2,6-di-t-butyl-p-benzoquinone	C₁₄H₂₀O₂	0.105	0	0
74	2,4-Ditertiary butyl phenol	C₁₄H₂₂O	0.04	0.031	0
75	Heptadecane	C₁₇H₃₆	0.074	0.051	0.044
76	Oleylamine	C₁₈H₃₇N	0.007	0	0
Total others			1.54	0.463	0.349

Serial No.	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	Relative Content /%
Serial No.	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	0d	120d	240d
Esters
1	ethyl formate	C₃H₆O₂	0.925	1.124	1.242
2	Ethyl acetate	C₄H₈O	3.464	3.875	4.123
3	methyl butyrate	C₅H₁₀O₂	1.324	1.414	1.474
4	Ethyl butyrate	C₆H₁₂O₂	0.156	0.101	0.148
5	Butyl acetate	C₆H₁₂O₂	0.074	0.123	0.156
6	Isoamyl acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	1.874	2.525	3.445
7	ethyl hexanoate	C₈H₁₆O₂	0.997	1.898	4.521
8	Hexyl acetate	C₈H₁₆O₂	0.418	3.945	4.875
9	Dibutyl phthalate	C₁₆H₂₂O₄	0.104	0.242	0.312
10	Diethyl succinate	C₈H₁₄O₄	0.324	0.345	0.441
11	ethyl caprylate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	4.124	3.615	2.876
12	9-Decenoic acid ethyl ester	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	0.331	0.165	0.232
13	Benzyl acetate	C₉H₁₀O₂	0	0	0.012
14	ethyl phenylacetate	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	3.21	3.869	4.617
15	Isoamyl hexanoate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.018	0.021	0.033
16	phenethyl acetate	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	3.125	2.421	2.321
17	ethyl pelargonate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.742	1.214	3.576
18	methyl decanoate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.032	0.047	0.061
19	Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	0.043	0	0.023
20	ethyl caprate	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	4.214	4.563	4.879
21	ethyl undecanoate	C₁₃H₂₆O₂	0.461	0.156	0.124
22	Ethyl laurate	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.571	1.332	1.495
23	Butyl butyryllactate	C₁₁H₂₀O₄	0.478	0.212	0.191
24	Decanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester	C₁₅H₃₀O₂	0.021	0.015	0.011
25	ethyl myristate	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	0.049	0.057	0.071
26	octyl acetate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	0.034	0.023	0.018
27	butyl benzoate	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	0	0.024	0.047
28	Ethyl Palmitate	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	0.423	0.251	0.301
29	Ethyl linoleate	C₂₀H₃₆O₂	0.153	0.107	0.084
30	Ethyl Oleate	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	0.065	0.041	0.051
Total esters			27.754	33.725	41.76
Alcohols
31	ethyl alcohol	C₂H₆O	29.114	26.865	23.731
32	propyl alcohol	C₃H₈O	0.142	0.131	0.104
33	2-methylbutanol	C₅H₁₂O	0.231	0.202	0.182
34	heptanol	C₇H₁₆O	0.175	0.158	0.142
35	isobutyl alcohol	C₄H₁₀O	2.776	2.854	2.464
36	isoamyl alcohol	C₅H₁₂O	10.462	7.956	5.141
37	2,3-butanediol	C₄H₁₀O₂	2.782	2.084	1.616
38	Acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal	C₆H₁₄O₂	0.028	0.015	0.027
39	hexyl alcohol	C₆H₁₄O	2.212	2.449	1.912
40	n-caprylic alcohol	C₈H₁₈O	0.195	0.171	0.138
41	phenethyl alcohol	C₈H₁₀O	8.872	5.521	4.124
42	2-Ethylhexyl alcohol	C₈H₁₈O	0.019	0.011	0.006
43	α-terpineol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0	0	0.095
44	1-Nonanol	C₉H₂₀O	0.127	0.138	0.202
45	3-p-Menthanol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.752	0.475	0.415
46	1-Decanol	C₁₀H₂₂O	0	0.009	0.017
47	decyl alcohol	C₁₀H₂₂O	0.021	0.015	0.018
48	D-Citronellol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.125	0.108	0.084
49	lauryl alcohol	C₁₂H₂₆O	0	0	0.007
50	Diacetone-D-Mannitol	C₁₂H₂₂O₆	0.028	0.016	0.011
51	cedrol	C₁₅H₂₆O	0.012	0.048	0.065
Total alcohols			58.073	49.226	40.501
acids
52	2-Amino-4-methylbenzoic acid	C₈H₉NO₂	0.004	0.345	0.474
53	DL-leucic acid	C₆H₁₂O₃	0.121	0.142	0.235
54	acetic acid	C₂H₄O₂	0.265	0.395	0.378
55	butyric acid	C₄H₈O₂	0.007	0.012	0.027
56	capric acid	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	0.181	0.423	0.531
57	Octanoic acid	C₈H₁₆O₂	0	0.048	0.068
58	lauric acid	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	0.018	0.037	0.048
59	Benzoic Acid	C₇H₆O₂	0.015	0.013	0.094
60	Isobutyric acid	C₄H₈O₂	0.011	0.007	0.002
Total acids			0.622	1.422	1.857
aldoketones
61	acetaldehyde	C₂H₄O	0.055	0.084	0.051
62	benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	0.003	0.015	0.011
63	Phenylacetaldehyde	C₈H₈O	0.025	0.039	0.024
64	pelargonic aldehyde	C₉H₁₈O	0.062	0.076	0.061
65	decyl aldehyde	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.498	0.574	0.351
66	furfural	C₅H₄O₂	0.031	0.024	0.014
67	3-octanone	C₈H₁₆O	0	0	0.033
68	Damascenone	C₁₃H₁₈O	0.004	0.087	0.142
69	Geranyl acetone	C₁₃H₂₂O	0.146	0.241	0.165
Total aldoketones			0.824	1.14	0.852
others
70	2-chloro-2-nitropropane	C₃H₆ClNO₂	0.426	0	0
71	2,6-Dimethylmorpholine	C₆H₁₃NO	0.484	0	0
72	4-Heptenal	C₇H₁₂O	0.025	0.017	0.007
73	vinyl benzene	C₈H₈	0.173	0.131	0.081
74	4-tert-butylphenol	C₁₀H₁₄O	0.037	0.037	0
75	Octadecane	C₁₈H₃₈	0.067	0.042	0.032
Total others			1.212	0.227	0.129

Serial No.	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	Relative Content /%
Serial No.	Compound Name	Molecular Formula	0d	120d	240d
Esters
1	ethyl formate	C₃H₆O₂	1.123	1.134	1.271
2	Ethyl acetate	C₄H₈O	3.464	3.765	4.213
3	methyl butyrate	C₅H₁₀O₂	1.424	1.524	1.481
4	Ethyl butyrate	C₆H₁₂O₂	0.216	0.124	0.153
5	Butyl acetate	C₆H₁₂O₂	0.064	0.131	0.165
6	Isoamyl acetate	C₇H₁₄O₂	2.674	2.415	3.515
7	ethyl hexanoate	C₈H₁₆O₂	0.84	1.914	4.612
8	Hexyl acetate	C₈H₁₆O₂	0.478	4.021	4.765
9	methyl linoleate	C₁₉H₃₄O₂	0	0.242	0.312
10	Methyl oleate	C₁₉H₃₆O₂	0.894	0.724	1.243
11	Diethyl succinate	C₈H₁₄O₄	0.224	0.356	0.472
12	ethyl caprylate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	4.224	3.513	2.766
13	9-Decenoic acid ethyl ester	C₁₂H₂₂O₂	0.431	0.265	0.212
14	Benzyl acetate	C₉H₁₀O₂	0.117	0	0.011
15	ethyl phenylacetate	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	3.331	3.924	4.711
16	Isoamyl hexanoate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.027	0.018	0.042
17	phenethyl acetate	C₁₀H₁₂O₂	4.125	2.321	2.125
18	ethyl pelargonate	C₁₁H₂₂O₂	0.642	1.315	3.674
19	butyrolactone	C₄H₆O₂	0.042	0.043	0.071
20	Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	0.071	0	0.032
21	ethyl caprate	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	5.314	4.163	4.874
22	ethyl undecanoate	C₁₃H₂₆O₂	0.561	0.156	0.124
23	Ethyl laurate	C₁₄H₂₈O₂	0.421	1.343	1.501
24	Butyl butyryllactate	C₁₁H₂₀O₄	0.376	0.244	0.195
25	Decanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester	C₁₅H₃₀O₂	0.033	0.017	0.013
26	ethyl myristate	C₁₆H₃₂O₂	0.039	0.061	0.073
27	octyl acetate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	0.027	0.024	0.019
28	methyl palmitate	C₁₇H₃₄O₂	0	0.031	0.04
29	Ethyl Palmitate	C₁₈H₃₆O₂	0.513	0.551	0.403
30	Ethyl linoleate	C₂₀H₃₆O₂	0.163	0.101	0.091
31	Ethyl Oleate	C₂₀H₃₈O₂	0.072	0.04	0.061
Total esters			31.93	34.48	43.24
Alcohols
32	ethyl alcohol	C₂H₆O	27.114	25.865	23.731
33	propyl alcohol	C₃H₈O	0.138	0.121	0.094
34	p-Methoxyphenylethanol	C₉H₁₂O₂	0.224	0.189	0.171
35	Leaf alcohol	C₆H₁₂O	0.169	0.142	0.128
36	isobutyl alcohol	C₄H₁₀O	2.765	2.454	2.164
37	isoamyl alcohol	C₅H₁₂O	8.472	6.956	4.041
38	2,3-butanediol	C₄H₁₀O₂	2.672	2.012	1.516
39	Acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal	C₆H₁₄O₂	0.024	0.014	0.021
40	hexyl alcohol	C₆H₁₄O	2.201	2.439	1.812
41	n-caprylic alcohol	C₈H₁₈O	0.191	0.168	0.141
42	phenethyl alcohol	C₈H₁₀O	7.874	4.987	3.876
43	2-Ethylhexyl alcohol	C₈H₁₈O	0.018	0.01	0.005
44	α-terpineol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0	0	0.087
45	1-Nonanol	C₉H₂₀O	0.122	0.137	0.212
46	3-p-Menthanol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.742	0.453	0.405
47	Decyl alcohol	C₁₀H₂₂O	0.028	0.014	0.017
48	D-Citronellol	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.123	0.108	0.078
49	lauryl alcohol	C₁₂H₂₆O	0	0	0.007
50	Diacetone-D-Mannitol	C₁₂H₂₂O₆	0.027	0.016	0.01
51	cedrol	C₁₅H₂₆O	0.015	0.048	0.058
Total alcohols			52.919	46.142	38.589
acids
52	2-methyl propioric acid	C₄H₈O₂	0.212	0.345	0.491
53	DL-leucic acid	C₆H₁₂O₃	0.131	0.152	0.245
54	acetic acid	C₂H₄O₂	0.465	0.361	0.418
55	butyric acid	C₄H₈O₂	0.132	0.074	0.032
56	capric acid	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	0.192	0.472	0.571
57	Octanoic acid	C₈H₁₆O₂	0	0.052	0.071
58	lauric acid	C₁₂H₂₄O₂	0.023	0.041	0.052
59	Isobutyric acid	C₄H₈O₂	0.021	0.011	0.004
Total acids			1.176	1.508	1.884
aldoketones
60	acetaldehyde	C₂H₄O	0.061	0.082	0.057
61	benzaldehyde	C₇H₆O	0.011	0.017	0.015
62	vanillic aldehyde	C₈H₈O₃	0.031	0.043	0.027
63	pelargonic aldehyde	C₉H₁₈O	0.058	0.082	0.063
64	decyl aldehyde	C₁₀H₂₀O	0.631	0.561	0.348
65	furfural	C₅H₄O₂	0.041	0.031	0.017
66	acetoin	C₄H8O₂	0	0	0.034
67	Damascenone	C₁₃H₁₈O	0.007	0.076	0.145
68	Geranyl acetone	C₁₃H₂₂O	0.132	0.252	0.167
Total aldoketones			0.972	1.144	0.993
others
69	Eicosane	C₂₀H₄₂	0.418	0	0
70	tert-Butylhydroquinone	C₁₀H₁₄O₂	0.476	0	0
71	4-Heptenal	C₇H₁₂O	0.024	0.018	0.008
72	vinyl benzene	C₈H₈	0.168	0.126	0.079
73	4-tert-butylphenol	C₁₀H₁₄O	0.033	0.036	0
74	Hexadecane	C₁₆H₃₄	0.066	0.04	0.034
Total others			1.185	0.22	0.121

[1] *Corresponding author: yuzhang@mail.hbut.edu.cn

Brasil

Brasil

Fast aging technology of novel kiwifruit wine and dynamic changes of aroma components during storage

Abstract