Washings and cryoprotectants for the production of Tilapia Surimi

OLIVEIRA, Dayse Lícia de; GRASSI, Thiago Luís Magnani; SANTO, Edson Francisco do Espirito; CAVAZZANA, Jefferson Felipe; MARCOS, Marcelo Tacconi de Siqueira; PONSANO, Elisa Helena Giglio

doi:10.1590/1678-457X.18716

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol 37 (3) • July-Sept 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.18716 copy

Washings and cryoprotectants for the production of Tilapia Surimi

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This research aimed at studying the effects of different washing conditions (distilled water x distilled water + NaHCO₃ + NaCl) and cryoprotectants (NaCl + saccharose x sorbitol + sodium tripolyphosphate) for the production of tilapia surimi. The experiment used a factorial design 2 x 2 and the variables analyzed were proximate composition, non-nitrogen protein (NNP) removal, texture, color and yield. The protein and moisture contents of the surimi were influenced neither by washings nor by cryoprotectants, while the ash content was higher when NaCl + saccharose were used as the cryoprotectants and the yield was higher when only distilled water was used for the washings. Combining distilled water for the washings and NaCl + saccharose as the cryoprotectants provided the highest lipid and NNP removals. The different treatments produced surimi gels with similar colors and texture.

Keywords:
fish; proteins; texture; color

	Washings
Cryoprotectants¹ 1 C1 = 2% NaCl + 1% Saccharose and C2 = 5% Sorbitol + 3% Sodium tripolyphosphate.	3 washings with distilled water	1^st washing - 5%, NaHCO₃ 2^nd and 3^rd washings - 3% NaCl
C1	Treatment 1 (T1)	Treatment 3 (T3)
C2	Treatment 2 (T2)	Treatment 4 (T4)

		Washings
Analyses	Cryoprotectant¹ 1 C1 = 2% NaCl + 1% Saccharose and C2 = 5% Sorbitol + 3% Sodium tripolyphosphate. Means followed by the same letters within the columns (lower case letters) and the row (capital letters) show significant difference at Tukey`s test (p < 0.05).	3 washings with distilled water	1^st washing - 5%, NaHCO₃ 2^nd and 3^rd washings - 3% NaCl	Mean
Moisture	C1	78.11 ± 2.45	75.86 ± 1.95	76.98
	C2	76.80 ± 4.01	74.00 ± 1.40	75.40
	Mean	77.45	74.93
Ash	C1	1.70 ± 0.24	1.74 ± 0.17	1.72ª
	C2	0.49 ± 0.22	0.44 ± 0.08	0.46^b
	Mean	1.10	1.09
Lipids	C1	0.38 ± 0.08^Bb	0.82 ± 0.19^A	0.60
	C2	0.72 ± 0.18^a	0.66 ± 0.11	0.69
	Mean	0.55	0.74
Proteins	C1	12.14 ± 2.22	13.56 ± 1.01	12.85
	C2	11.38 ± 1.95	12.43 ± 1.41	11.91
	Mean	11.76	13.00
NNP	C1	0.09 ± 0.01^Bb	0.13 ± 0.02^Aa	0.11
	C2	0.13 ± 0.02^Aa	0.10 ± 0.00^Bb	0.11
	Mean	0.12	0.11
Yield	C1	68.82 ± 9.58	61.17 ± 7.60	65.00
	C2	80.37 ± 10.73	56.24 ± 10.99	68.30
	Mean	74.60^A	58.71^B

Color parameters	Treatments¹ 1 Treatments: 1 (three washings with distilled water / cryoprotectants 2% NaCl and 1% saccharose), 2 (three washings with distilled water / cryoprotectants 5% sorbitol and 3% sodium tripolyphosphate), 3 (1st washing with 5%, NaHCO3, 2nd and 3rd washings with 3% NaCl / cryoprotectants 2% NaCl and 1% saccharose), 4 (1st washing with 5%, NaHCO3, 2nd and 3rd washings with 3% NaCl / cryoprotectants 5% sorbitol and 3% sodium tripolyphosphate).
Color parameters	1	2	3	4	P value
L	70.82 ± 2.69	71.26 ± 0.53	70.02 ± 2.82	71.49 ± 1.68	0.7765
A	2.57 ± 0.23	2.58 ± 0.26	2.98 ± 0.30	2.79 ± 0.24	0.1294
B	10.03 ± 1.00	11.05 ± 1.53	10.42 ± 1.02	10.41 ± 1.44	0.7255

Texture parameters	Treatments¹ 1 Treatments: 1 (three washings with distilled water / cryoprotectants 2% NaCl and 1% saccharose), 2 (three washings with distilled water / cryoprotectants 5% sorbitol and 3% sodium tripolyphosphate), 3 (1st washing with 5%, NaHCO3, 2nd and 3rd washings with 3% NaCl / cryoprotectants 2% NaCl and 1% saccharose), 4 (1st washing with 5%, NaHCO3, 2nd and 3rd washings with 3% NaCl / cryoprotectants 5% sorbitol and 3% sodium tripolyphosphate).
Texture parameters	1		2		3		4
Hardness (kgf)	17.68 ± 20.66	12.95	3.75 ± 8.78	-0.18	33.15 ± 25.16	38.37	16.05 ± 18.70	13.74
Fracturability (kgf)	5.45 ± 10.99	0.21	23.43 ± 19.22	23.77	15.08 ± 30.38	0.21	24.00 ± 30.63	15.70
Adhesiveness	-1.80 ± 1.05	-1.85	-1.56 ± 0.82	-1.64	-1.88 ± 1.00	-2.10	-1.16 ± 0.40	-1.18
Viscosity	0.82 ± 0.09	0.81	0.78 ± 0.08	0.78	0.91 ± 0.03	0.91	0.80 ± 0.18	0.79
Cohesiveness	0.30 ± 0.10	0.29	0.28 ± 0.13	0.23	0.43 ± 0.08	0.43	0.32 ± 0.20	0.29
Chewiness (kgf)	5.04 ± 6.50	2.92	0.77 ± 1.80	-0.10	13.70 ± 11.49	15.34	1.77 ± 2.08	1.34
Resilience	0.06 ± 0.03	0.06	0.07 ± 0.06	0.04	0.12 ± 0.05	0.12	0.08 ± 0.07	0.06

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[1] *Corresponding author: dayse_1184@hotmail.com