Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) |
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-β-carotene |
55.51 µg g−1
|
Very high |
197.66 µg g−1
|
7.45 µg RAE g−1
|
Rosso & Mercadante (2007)Rosso, V. V., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2007). Identification and quantification of carotenoids, by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, from Amazonian fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(13), 5062-5072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0705421. PMid:17530774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0705421...
|
All-trans-δ-carotene |
45.77 µg g−1
|
Very high |
(wet basis) |
All-trans-γ-carotene |
35.43 µg g−1
|
Very high |
|
cis-γ-Carotene |
28.35 µg g−1
|
Very high |
|
All-trans-α-carotene |
1.78 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
0.12 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
9-cis-Lycopene |
8.44 µg g−1
|
High |
|
cis-δ-Carotene 1 |
5.22 µg g−1
|
High |
|
13-cis-β-Carotene |
4.02 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-γ-Carotene 1 |
3.25 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-γ-Carotene 2 |
2.26 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
9-cis-β-Carotene |
2.21 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-γ-Carotene 3 |
2.11 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-δ-Carotene 2 |
2.09 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-δ-Carotene 3 |
0.86 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
cis-γ-Carotene 5 |
0.13 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
15-cis-β-Carotene |
0.08 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
5,8-Epoxy-β-carotene |
0.03 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD |
All-trans-lutein |
1.7 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
134.8 µg g−1
|
NR |
Basto et al. (2016)Basto, G. J., Carvalho, C. W. P., Soares, A. G., Costa, H. T. G. B., Chávez, D. W. H., Godoy, R. L. O., & Pacheco, S. (2016). Physicochemical properties and carotenoid content of extruded and non-extruded corn and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes, Kunth). Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 69, 312-318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12....
|
All-trans-zeaxanthin |
1.3 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
(dry basis) |
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
0.7 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-α-carotene |
2.9 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-β-carotene |
53.8 µg g−1
|
Very high |
|
13-cis-β-Carotene |
2.3 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
9-cis-β-Carotene |
5.4 µg g−1
|
High |
|
Peel |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-β-carotene |
73 µg g−1
|
Very high |
150 µg g−1
|
8.5 µg RAE g−1
|
Matos et al. (2019)Matos, K. A. N., Lima, D. P., Barbosa, A. P. P., Mercadante, A. Z., & Chisté, R. C. (2019). Peels of tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare) and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) are by-products classified as very high carotenoid sources. Food Chemistry, 272, 216-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.053. PMid:30309535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.201...
|
All-trans-δ-carotene |
17.4 µg g−1
|
High |
(wet basis) |
cis-γ-Carotene |
18.0 µg g−1
|
High |
|
All-trans-γ-carotene |
41.0 µg g−1
|
Very high |
|
Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) |
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-β-carotene |
372.32 µg g−1
|
Very high |
513.87 µg g−1
|
36.40 µg RAE g−1
|
Rosso & Mercadante (2007)Rosso, V. V., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2007). Identification and quantification of carotenoids, by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, from Amazonian fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(13), 5062-5072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0705421. PMid:17530774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0705421...
|
13-cis-β-Carotene |
59.23 µg g−1
|
Very high |
(wet basis) |
9-cis-β-Carotene |
18.57 µg g−1
|
High |
|
All-trans-γ-carotene |
14.76 µg g−1
|
High |
|
cis-γ-Carotene 3 |
9.88 µg g−1
|
High |
|
15-cis-β-Carotene |
8.87 µg g−1
|
High |
|
5,8-Epoxy-β-carotene |
7.44 µg g−1
|
High |
|
cis-δ-Carotene 1 |
5.46 µg g−1
|
High |
|
cis-δ-Carotene 2 |
3.67 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-α-carotene |
3.23 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-δ-Carotene 3 |
2.42 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-γ-Carotene 2 |
2.33 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-δ-carotene |
2.09 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-α-cryptoxanthin |
1.28 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
Di-cis-α-carotene |
1.25 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
5,6-Epoxy-β-carotene |
0.41 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Phytoene |
0.34 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Di-cis-β-carotene 2 |
0.11 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
5,6-Epoxy-β-cryptoxanthin |
0.10 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-ζ-carotene |
0.08 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-lutein |
0.03 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Pulp oil |
HPLC-DAD |
All-trans-β-carotene |
295.24 µg g−1
|
Very high |
540.81 µg g−1
|
NR |
Santos et al. (2015)Santos, M. F. G., Alves, R. E., & Roca, M. (2015). Carotenoid composition in oils obtained from palm fruits from the Brazilian Amazon. Grasas y Aceites, 66(3), e086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1062142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1062142...
|
cis-β-Carotene |
165.65 µg g−1
|
Very high |
(dry basis) |
All-trans-α-carotene |
19.20 µg g−1
|
High |
|
cis-α-Carotene |
1.8 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-γ-carotene |
3.45 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-γ-Carotene |
1.82 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
5,8-Epoxy-β-carotene |
4.38 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
cis-Lutein |
16.28 µg g−1
|
High |
|
All-trans-lutein |
32.12 µg g−1
|
Very high |
|
All-trans-luteoxanthin |
2.68 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare) |
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-β-carotene |
47.36 µg g−1
|
Very high |
62.65 µg g−1
|
4.25 µg RAE g−1
|
Rosso & Mercadante (2007)Rosso, V. V., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2007). Identification and quantification of carotenoids, by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS, from Amazonian fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(13), 5062-5072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0705421. PMid:17530774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0705421...
|
All-trans-α-carotene |
1.68 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
(wet basis) |
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
1.64 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
13-cis-β-Carotene |
1.60 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-α-cryptoxanthin |
1.30 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
Zeinoxanthin |
1.02 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein |
0.79 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
cis-γ-Carotene 3 |
0.89 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Unidentified compound |
0.82 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
15-cis-β-Carotene |
0.80 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
5,8-Epoxy-β-carotene |
0.76 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
cis-β-Zeacarotene |
0.65 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-δ-carotene |
0.60 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-β-zeacarotene |
0.52 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Mixture |
0.44 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-γ-carotene |
0.36 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-neoxanthin |
0.35 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
cis-Violaxanthin |
0.26 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
cis-Neoxanthin |
0.24 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-zeaxanthin |
0.18 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-ζ-carotene |
0.16 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
cis-Lutein |
0.14 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
|
0.04 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Peel |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-β-carotene |
78.0 µg g−1
|
Very high |
115.0 µg g−1
|
7.9 µg RAE g−1
|
Matos et al. (2019)Matos, K. A. N., Lima, D. P., Barbosa, A. P. P., Mercadante, A. Z., & Chisté, R. C. (2019). Peels of tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare) and peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) are by-products classified as very high carotenoid sources. Food Chemistry, 272, 216-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.053. PMid:30309535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.201...
|
All-trans-δ-carotene |
3.0 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
(wet basis) |
cis-γ-Carotene |
8.0 µg g−1
|
High |
|
All-trans-γ-carotene |
26.0 µg g−1
|
Very high |
|
Taperebá (Spondias mombin) |
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
6.5 µg g−1
|
High |
23.9 µg g−1
|
0.67 µg RAE g−1
|
Costa & Mercadante (2018)Costa, G. A., & Mercadante, A. Z. (2018). In vitro bioaccessibility of free and esterified carotenoids in cajá frozen pulp-based beverages. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 68, 53-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.02.012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.02...
|
All-trans-zeinoxanthin |
3.5 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
(wet basis) |
All-trans-β-carotene |
2.3 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-α-carotene |
2.4 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein |
1.2 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-zeaxanthin |
0.5 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin myristate |
2.3 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein-3-O-myristate |
1.3 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin palmitate |
1.4 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein dimyristate |
1.1 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-zeinoxanthin stearate |
1.8 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD |
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
17.08 µg g−1
|
High |
48.69 µg g−1
|
1.11 µg RAE g−1
|
Tiburski et al. (2011)Tiburski, J. H., Rosenthal, A., Deliza, R., Godoy, R. L. O., & Pacheco, S. (2011). Nutritional properties of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) pulp. Food Research International, 44(7), 2326-2331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011...
|
All-trans-lutein |
6.34 µg g−1
|
High |
(wet basis) |
All-trans-zeinoxanthin |
5.47 µg g−1
|
High |
|
All-trans-α-carotene |
3.40 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-β-carotene |
3.14 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
Araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata) |
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD |
All-trans-β-carotene |
2.10 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
8.78 µg g−1
|
0.31 µg RAE g−1
|
Berni et al. (2019)Berni, P., Campoli, S. S., Negri, T. C., Toledo, N. M. V., & Canniatti-Brazaca, S. G. (2019). Non-conventional tropical fruits: characterization, antioxidant potential and carotenoid bioaccessibility. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 74(1), 141-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0710-1. PMid:30644024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-071...
|
All-trans-α-carotene |
0.65 µg g−1
|
Low |
(wet basis) |
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
2.44 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
9-cis-β-Carotene |
0.18 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
13-cis-β-Carotene |
0.16 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
15-cis-β-Carotene |
0.11 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-violaxanthin |
1.04 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein |
1.60 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-zeaxanthin |
0.55 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Pulp |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-α-carotene |
0.31 µg g−1
|
Low |
8.06 µg g−1
|
NR |
Garzón et al. (2012)Garzón, G. A., Narváez-Cuenca, C.-E., Kopec, R. E., Barry, A. M., Riedl, K. M., & Schwartz, S. J. (2012). Determination of carotenoids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh), an Amazonian fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(18), 4709-4717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf205347f. PMid:22519635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf205347f...
|
All-trans-zeinoxanthin |
0.25 µg g−1
|
Low |
(wet basis) |
All-trans-zeinoxanthin myristate |
0.38 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-zeinoxanthin palmitate |
0.54 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-β-carotene |
0.44 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
0.47 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin myristate |
0.43 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin palmitate |
0.92 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-lutein |
1.54 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-anhydrolutein |
0.63 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-lutein dimyristate |
0.47 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-lutein myristate palmitate |
0.99 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-lutein dipalmitate |
0.91 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-zeaxanthin |
0.17 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
Peel |
HPLC-DAD-MS/MS |
All-trans-α-carotene |
0.96 µg g−1
|
Low |
24.84 µg g−1
|
NR |
Garzón et al. (2012)Garzón, G. A., Narváez-Cuenca, C.-E., Kopec, R. E., Barry, A. M., Riedl, K. M., & Schwartz, S. J. (2012). Determination of carotenoids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of arazá (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh), an Amazonian fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(18), 4709-4717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf205347f. PMid:22519635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf205347f...
|
All-trans-zeinoxanthin |
0.81 µg g−1
|
Low |
(wet basis) |
All-trans-zeinoxanthin myristate |
1.03 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-zeinoxanthin palmitate |
1.87 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-β-carotene |
1.43 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin |
1.42 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin myristate |
0.77 µg g−1
|
Low |
|
All-trans-β-cryptoxanthin palmitate |
1.53 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein |
7.56 µg g−1
|
High |
|
All-trans-anhydrolutein |
1.36 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein dimyristate |
1.01 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein myristate palmitate |
2.35 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-lutein dipalmitate |
2.56 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|
All-trans-zeaxanthin |
1.14 µg g−1
|
Moderate |
|