Physicochemical characterization and behavior of biocompounds of caja-manga fruit (<i>Spondias mombin</i> L.)

SILVA, Thays Lorrayne Lavrinha e; SILVA, Edson Pablo da; ASQUIERI, Eduardo Ramirez; VIEIRA, Ellen Caroline Silverio; SILVA, Jéssyca Santos; SILVA, Flávio Alves da; DAMIANI, Clarissa

doi:10.1590/fst.03717

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Food Science and Technology

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol 38 (3) • Jul-Sep 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.03717 copy

Physicochemical characterization and behavior of biocompounds of caja-manga fruit (Spondias mombin L.)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical changes and the antioxidant potential of caja-manga (Spondias mombin L.) fruit during its physiological development. The cycle comprised a period of 260 days after anthesis (DAA), set when the fruits were yellow-orange colored and easily detached from the pads. The results showed that the fruits had simple sigmoid type of growth pattern, with significant increase in mass, and longitudinal and transverse diameters up to 220 DAA. A decrease in total pectins and an increase in soluble pectins, lower acidity and chlorophyll levels, and masking of carotenoids exposure was observed, leading to color changes and softening in fruit. Significant changes were observed from 200 to 220 DAA, which may be the period that fruit has reached its maturity, emphasizing phenolic, vitamin C and antioxidant activity.

Keywords:
Spondias Mombin; bioactive compounds; fruit physiology; cerrado fruits

DDAA Anthesis after day	Mass (g)	Longitudinal diameter (cm)	Transverse diameter (cm)	Firmness (N)	Total pectin (g galacturonic acid 100 g^-1)	Soluble pectin (g galacturonic acid 100 g^-1)
40	0.5 ±0.03 a	1 ± 0.02 a	0.9 ± 0.02 a	13.1 ± 0.24 a	1.2 ± 0.03 ef	0.08 ± 0.03 d
60	3 ± 0.1 a	2.4 ± 0.04 b	1.5 ± 0.02 b	14.4 ± 0.16 b	1.1 ± 0.03 bc	0.05 ± 0.03 c
80	10 ± 0.3 b	3.6 ± 0.05 c	2.3 ± 0.03 c	15.6 ± 0.30 b	1.2 ± 0.03 ef	0.03 ± 0.03 b
100	18 ± 0.5 c	4.5 ± 0.05 d	2.9 ± 0.03 d	20.6 ± 0.34 c	1.1 ± 0.01 cd	0.03 ± 0.01 a
120	39 ± 1.2 d	5.2 ± 0.06 e	3.7 ± 0.05 e	27 ± 0.40 f	0.1 ± 0.02 b	0.08 ± 0.02 d
140	50 ± 1.1 e	5.5 ± 0.06 f	4.1 ± 0.03 f	26 ± 0.62 ef	0.8 ± 0.02 a	0.14 ± 0.02 f
160	64 ± 1.1 f	6 ± 0.1 g	4.4 ± 0.03 g	26.4 ± 0.55 ef	1.3 ± 0.06 e	0.08 ± 0.06 d
180	79 ± 1.4 g	6 ± 0.2 gh	4.7 ± 0.03 h	25.5 ± 0.46 e	1 ± 0.03 b	0.15 ± 0.03 fg
200	82 ± 1.1 g	6.3 ± 0.06 h	4.9 ± 0.03 i	25.6 ± 0.61 ef	1 ± 0.04 bc	0.11 ± 0.04 e
220	93 ± 2.5 h	6.7 ± 0.1 i	4.9 ± 0.05 i	23.1 ± 0.58 d	1 ± 0.03 b	0.17 ± 0.03 g
240	96± 2.2 h	6.9 ± 0.1 i	4.9 ± 0.05 i	25.1 ± 0.41 e	1.1 ± 0.02 de	0.2 ± 0.02 h
260	97 ± 5.8 h	6.8 ± 0.1 i	4.9 ± 0.10 i	15.6 ± 0.58 b	1.1 ± 0.03 bc	0.3 ± 0.03 i

DAA Anthesis after day	Chlorophyll (mg 100 g^-1 peel)	Carotenoids (mg 100 g^-1 peel)
40	38.06 ± 0.24 j	1.85 ± 0.00 k
60	28.30 ± 0.54 i	1.60 ± 0.00 j
80	23.21 ± 0.09 h	1.54 ± 0.00 i
100	14.67 ± 0.04 g	1.22 ± 0.00 h
120	11.89 ± 0.06 f	0.97 ± 0.00 g
140	9.02 ± 0.04 d	0.85 ± 0.00 c
160	9.49 ± 0.02 d	0.86 ± 0.00 d
180	7.43 ± 0.03 c	0.93 ± 0.00 e
200	10.53 ± 0.02 e	0.94 ± 0.00 f
220	7.77 ± 0.03 c	0.66 ± 0.00 a
240	5.84 ± 0.04 b	0.74 ± 0.00 b
260	2.85 ± 0.05 a	0.85 ± 0.00 c

DAA Anthesis after day	Phenolic compounds (mg.gallic acid g^-1 pulp)			hydrolysable tannins (mg gallic acid g^-1)	condensate tannins (mg catechin g^-1)	Ascorbic acid (mg 100 g^-1)
DAA Anthesis after day	Ether Extract	Alcholic Extract	Aqueous Extract	hydrolysable tannins (mg gallic acid g^-1)	condensate tannins (mg catechin g^-1)	Ascorbic acid (mg 100 g^-1)
40	21 ± 0.4 abc	128.2 ± 0.5 g	20.3 ± 1.1 a	1.11 ± 0.03 h	16.7 ± 0.2 i	54.8 ± 0.6 g
60	24 ± 0.8 bcd	48.1 ± 1.1 cd	52 ± 0.6 cd	0.9 ± 0.02 g	11.6 ± 0.1 h	25.2 ± 0.8 d
80	26 ± 1.8 cd	45.2 ± 0.8 bc	93.7 ± 1.3 f	0.5 ± 0.04 f	8.5 ± 0.1 g	18.7 ± 0.3 b
100	19 ± 0.5 ab	51 ± 2.5 d	34 ± 0.8 abc	0.3 ± 0.03 e	6.4 ± 0.3 f	15.7 ± 0.6 a
120	26 ± 0.4 cd	34 ± 0.4 a	47.6 ± 5.1 bcd	0.1 ± 0.02 bcd	3.8 ± 0.2 bcd	18.3 ± 1.4 b
140	19.4 ± 0.4 ab	40 ± 1.7 b	46.2 ± 1.7 bcd	0.2 ± 0.01 d	2.8 ± 0.1 a	25.6 ± 0.8 d
160	17 ± 0.8 a	42 ± 0.6 b	29.5 ± 6.7 ab	0.2 ± 0.02 cd	4.6 ± 0.3 de	30.7 ± 1.5 e
180	29 ± 1.2 de	89 ± 1.5 f	63.6 ± 14.5 d	0.1 ± 0.02 ab	3.7 ± 0.4 bc	21.4 ± 0.3 c
200	27.9 ± 0.65 de	90.6 ± 4.4 f	36.1 ± 7.4 abc	0.13 ± 0.02 abc	4.7 ± 0.4 e	25.79 ± 0.5 d
220	26.8 ± 4.95 d	86 ± 0.24 f	26.4 ± 3.4 a	0.08 ± 0.02 a	3.52 ± 0.3 ab	56.98 ± 0.8 g
240	32.9 ± 1.36 ef	48± 0.24 cd	19.5± 0.42 a	0.09 ± 0.01 ab	4.41 ± 0.3 cde	30.89 ± 0.6 e
260	34.1± 0.88 f	59± 0.24 e	57.6 ± 8.8 d	0.07 ± 0.01 a	3.4 ± 0.2 ab	50.92 ± 0.6 f

Days of anthesis	DPPH (IC 50)			ABTS (mM TE g^-1)			FRAP (mM ferrous sulfate g^-1)
Days of anthesis	Ether Extract	Alcholic Extract	Aqueous Extract	Ether Extract	Alcholic Extract	Aqueous Extract	Ether Extract	Alcholic Extract	Aqueous Extract
40	24.6 ± 1.02 ab	39.5 ± 8.7 c	22.± 0.9 ab	111.6 ± 11.5 d	10 ± 0.3 a	70 ± 2.4 e	99.2 ± 1.8 c	74.2 ± 0.9 c	142 ± 1.1 i
60	24.5 ± 3.23 ab	16.5 ± 1.4 ab	21.4 ± 2.2 ab	70.5 ± 7.0 c	139 ± 3.6 f	223.8 ± 9.6 f	122 ± 0.7 e	292.6 ± 2.5 h	414.4 ± 4.4 j
80	8.4 ± 0.9 a	23.4 ± 5.4 b	29.4 ± 4.8 ac	65.5 ± 11.6 c	60 ± 0.7 e	320.2 ± 9.3 g	113 ± 2.4 de	163 ± 0.9 h	540 ± 2.2 k
100	5.3 ± 0.3 a	18 ± 0.5 ab	29.1 ± 0.8 ac	72.8 ± 6.4 c	15 ± 6.1 ab	66.2± 1.4 de	116 ± 4.8 de	94.6 ± 0.9 ef	125.2 ± 1.2 h
120	14.6 ± 0.2 ab	16.3 ± 1.8 ab	22.3 ± 3.1 ab	53.6 ± 0.7 bc	28.6 ± 3.8 bc	35.3 ± 1.5 ab	151 ± 2.3 f	90 ± 1.2 de	67.7 ± 0.6 bc
140	18.5 ± 1.5 ab	14.7 ± 1.5 ab	34.5 ± 3.8 c	33.8 ± 0.9 ab	10.5 ± 0.7 a	67.6 ± 0.9 de	98.4 ± 1.9 c	61 ± 3.1 ab	74 ± 0.3 d
160	67 ± 51.7 b	16.6 ± 1.7 ab	21.5 ± 1.1 ab	23.5 ± 0.7 a	9.7 ± 1.1 a	29.2 ± 0.7 a	65 ± 3.7 a	53 ± 0.8 a	33.3 ± 0.6 a
180	17.5 ± 4.5 ab	14.2 ± 0.3 ab	102.3 ± 0.0 d	43 ± 9.4 ab	30 ± 0.7 bc	49.4 ± 1.1 c	120 ± 5.5 de	80 ± 0.5 cd	80.4 ± 1.3 f
200	11.2 ± 0.2 a	16 ± 4.2 ab	16 ± 1.1 b	39 ± 1.4 ab	27 ± 1.6 bc	63.7 ± 1.6 de	111± 2.8 d	75 ± 0.4 c	90 ± 0.9 g
220	10 ± 0.2 a	10.5 ± 0.6 a	24 ± 1.1 ab	40.4 ± 2.2 ab	30 ± 1.9 bc	43.4 ± 1.2 bc	102 ± 0.7 c	72 ± 1.3 bc	63 ± 0.3 b
240	20.8 ± 3.3 ab	13 ± 0.6 ab	38.3 ± 7.4 c	31 ± 6.8 a	53.4 ± 13.6 de	49 ± 0.3 c	78 ± 2.2 b	104 ± 1.3 fg	70 ± 0.8 cd
260	15.1 ± 0.8 ab	12.5 ± 1.2 ab	36.1 ± 1.1 c	41 ± 1.2 ab	43 ± 8.4 cd	55.3 ± 0.7 cd	80 ± 0.9 b	113 ± 12.9 g	92 ± 0.2 g

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[1] * Corresponding author: damianiclarissa@hotmail.com