Biochemical composition of some Egyptian seaweeds with potent nutritive and antioxidant properties

ISMAIL, Gehan Ahmed

doi:10.1590/1678-457X.20316

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Research Paper • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 37 (2) • Apr-Jun 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.20316 copy

Biochemical composition of some Egyptian seaweeds with potent nutritive and antioxidant properties

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present study investigated the biochemical composition of three seaweeds; Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyta), Sargassum linifolium (Phaeophyta) and Corallina officinalis (Rhodophyta). Total chlorophyll content was maximum in U. fasciata (34.06mg/g dry wt.) while carotenoid content was the highest in C. officinalis (3.8 mg/g dry wt.). The uppermost level of carbohydrates was (27.98% of dry wt.) in C. officinalis and proteins were maximum (14.89%) in S. linifolium. Aspartic, glutamic, alanine, leucine and proline were common amino acids in the three tested species. The polyunsaturated ω6 and ω3 essential fatty acids were recorded in S. linifolium (3.28%) and in U. fasciata (3.18%). The results showed that U. fasciata contained the highest amounts of lipids (2.96%), phenols (11.95mgGA/g dry wt.), flavonoid (7.04 mgCA/g dry wt.) and ascorbic acid (4.11mg/100g), respectively. β-Carotene was maximum (3940.12 IU/100 g) in C. officinalis. DPPH antioxidant activities were the highest in U. fasciata (81.3%) followed by S. linifolium (79.8%) then C. officinalis (72.6%). Among the 12 analyzed minerals, most of them were high in S. linifolium in which ion quotient ratio was the smallest (0.343). Since these algal species are common in the Egyptian coastal waters, their biochemical composition and antioxidant activities made them promising candidates for nutritional, pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.

Keywords:
seaweeds; biochemical composition; elemental analysis; antioxidant activity

Amino acids (% dry wt)	U. Fasciata	S. linifolium	C. officinalis
Nonessential amino acids	U. Fasciata	S. linifolium	C. officinalis
Aspartic	0.0282 ± 0.02	0.0662 ± 0.03	0.0243 ± 0.01
Serine	0.0136 ± 0.001	0.0287 ± 0.01	0.0122 ± 0.003
Glutamic	0.0278 ± 0.03	0.0736 ± 0.02	0.0195 ± 0.005
Proline	0.0111 ± 0.001	0.0889 ± 0.04	0.0259 ± 0.02
Glycine	0.0174 ± 0.002	0.0283 ± 0.03	0.0112 ± 0.003
Alanine	0.0247 ± 0.01	0.0379 ± 0.01	0.0153 ± 0.005
Tyrosine	0.0051 ± 0.003	0.0069 ± 0.002	0.0046 ± 0.004
Argnine	0.0039 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.002	0.0033 ± 0.003
Total nonessential amino acids	0.1318	0.3355	0.1163
Essential amino acids
Threonine	0.0131 ± 0.005	0.0269 ± 0.01	0.0099 ± 0.002
Valine	0.0138 ± 0.003	0.0245 ± 0.03	0.0094 ± 0.004
Methionine	0.0016 ± 0.001	0.0054 ± 0.006	0.0011± 0.004
Isoleucine	0.0099 ± 0.006	0.0193 ± 0.003	0.0082 ± 0.003
Leucine	0.0177 ± 0.003	0.0352 ± 0.02	0.0139 ± 0.005
Phenylalanin	0.016 ±0.005	0.0255 ± 0.01	0.0105 ± 0.002
Histidine	0.0069 ± 0.001	0.0360 ± 0.01	0.0077 ± 0.003
Lysine	0.0118 ± 0.003	0.0259 ± 0.01	0.0105 ± 0.001
Total essential amino acids	0.0908	0.1987	0.0711
Total amino acids	0.2226	0.5342	0.1875

Fatty acids	U. fasciata	S. linifolium	C. officinalis
Caprylic acid (C8:0)	0.204 ± 0.02	ـــــــــــــ	ـــــــــــــ
Lauric acid (C12:0)	2.652 ± 0.31	1.917 ± 0.38	4.076 ± 0.54
Tetradecanoic acid (C13:0)	6.079 ± 0.35	4.818 ± 0.05	8.504 ± 0.09
Tetradecanoic acid (C14:1)	1.436 ± 0.18	2.770 ± 0.28	3.945± 0.08
Myristic acid (C14:0)	11.013 ± 0.62	11.895 ± 0.4	17.374 ± 0.32
14,Pentadecenoic acid (C15:1)	7.686 ± 0.28	10.128 ± 0.04	12.862 ± 0.13
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0)	13.235 ± 0.59	22.441± 0.37	27.631 ± 0.35
9 Hexadecenoic acid (ω7) (C16:1)	1.323 ± 0.08	3.266 ± 0.34	ـــــــــــــ
Palmitic acid (C16:0)	31.013 ± 0.47	21.887 ± 0.50	15.007 ± 0.25
α Linolenic acid (ω3) (C18:3)	1.049 ± 0.09	0.630 ± 0.08	0.043 ± 0.01
Linoleic acid (ω6) (C18:2)	1.715 ± 0.12	0.823 ± 0.16	ــــــــــــــ
Oleic acid (ω9) (C18:1)	4.270 ± 0.54	9.496 ± 0.47	1.562 ± 0.12
Stearic acid (C18:0)	17.034 ± 0.48	7.056 ± 0.12	4.843 ± 0.54
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ω3 (C20:5)	0.142 ± 0.02	0.291 ± 0.04	0.013 ± 0.01
Arachidonic acid (ῳ6) (C20:4)	0.272 ± 0.08	0.354 ± 0.03	0.221 ± 0.03
11,14 Eicosadienoic acid (ω6) (C20:2)	ـــــــــــــ	1.184 ± 0.06	ـــــــــــــ
Docosanic acid (C23:0)	0.879 ± 0.05	1.047 ± 0.12	3.924 ± 0.12
Saturated fatty acids (SAFA)	82.108	71.06	81.358
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)	14.72	25.66	18.37
Polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA (ω6)	1.987	2.360	0.221
Polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA (ω3)	1.19	0.92	0.05
Ratio ω6/ω3	1.67	2.56	4.42

Biochemical content/ Antioxidant assay	U. fasciata	S. linifolium
Total phenol content (mg GE/g dwt.)	11.95 ± 0.784	10.35 ± 0.922	4.89 ± 0.98	65.296*
Flavonoid content (mg CE/g dwt.)	7.04 ± 0.635	4.53 ± 0.501	3.48 ± 0.822	23.70*
β-Carotene content (IU/100 g)	1912.93 ± 99.97	2616.47 ± 100.06	3940.12 ± 99.89	317.99*
Ascorbic acid content (mg/100g)	4.11 ± 0.96	0.25 ± 0.02	0.677 ± 0.08	43.42*
DPPH (%)	81.26 ± 0.845	79.78 ± 0.09	72.63 ± 1.17	92.22*
TAC (%)	13.70 ± 0.99	12.19 ± 0.95	11.37 ± 0.89	4.70*
TRC (%)	64.72 ± 0.98	53.11 ± 0.91	50.29 ± 1.07	195.75*

	Total phenol content	Total flavonoid content	β-carotene content	Ascorbic acid content	DPPH	TAC	TRC
Total phenol content	ــــ
Total flavonoid content	0.822^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	ــــ
β-carotene content	–0.937^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	–0.823^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	ــــ
Ascorbic acid content	0.555	0.899^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	–0.655	ــــ
DPPH	0.990^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	0.807^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	–0.949^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	0.553	ــــ
TAC	0.713^* * Correlation is significance at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);	0.795^* * Correlation is significance at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);	–0.715^* * Correlation is significance at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);	0.590	0.669^* * Correlation is significance at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);	ــــ
TRC	0.771^* * Correlation is significance at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);	0.970^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	–0.849^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	0.941^ Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).	0.763^* * Correlation is significance at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);	0.786^* * Correlation is significance at the 0.05 level (2-tailed);	ــــ

Minerals (µg/g dry wt)	U. Fasciata	S. linifolium	C. officinalis	F value
Ca	6.698 ± 0.7	28.35 ± 0.535	54.38 ± 1.1	1683.03*
Na	146.4 ± 9.99	203.9 ± 1.005	35.96 ± 0.995	643.4*
K	170.6 ± 0.95	509.3 ± 0.798	4.82 ± 0.22	350067.06*
Mg	198.9 ± 2.11	168.5 ± 10.01	77.5 ± 0.99	343.39*
Fe	2.54 ± 0.999	11.45 ± 1.00	3.74 ± 0.999	70.27*
Mn	0.382 ± 0.04	0.561 ± 0.056	0.465 ± 0.045	9.44*
Zn	0.517 ± 0.072	0.606 ± 0.019	0.478 ± 0.035	5.65*
Cu	1.46 ± 0.092	1.74 ± 0.099	0.798 ± 0.002	113.23*
Pb	0.758 ± 0.099	0.653 ± 0.099	0.393 ± 0.098	10.81*
Cd	0.297 ± 0.008	0.319 ± 0.009	0.3 ± 0.007	6.57*
Co	ND	ND	ND
Cr	ND	ND	ND
Total content	528.552	925.379	178.834
Na/K ratio	0.858	0.400	7.460581
Ion quotient ratio (in moles)	0.414	0.343	1.097425

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[1] *Corresponding author: gehan.ismail@science.tanta.edu.eg, gehansml@yahoo.com