Types of Criminal Governance: A Comparative Study Based on the Cases of the Maré

Ribeiro, Eduardo; Soares, Luiz Eduardo; Krenzinger, Miriam

doi:10.4322/dilemas.v15esp4.52530

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INTRA-URBAN COMPARISONS • Dilemas, Rev. Estud. Conflito Controle Soc. 15 (spe4) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.4322/dilemas.v15esp4.52530 copy

Types of Criminal Governance: A Comparative Study Based on the Cases of the Maré

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes some of the modalities of criminal governance by means of a comparison between the different configurations of local power found in the favelas in the region of Maré, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The aim is to go beyond the limits of the territory originally considered in the study “Social Impacts of Exposure to Armed Violence in Maré” by adding to it the available information about the popular universe of Rio de Janeiro state. Our intention is to propose some interpretative hypotheses that engage in dialog with the traditions of studies on power and inequalities in Brazilian society.

Keywords:
criminal governance; armed criminal groups; milícias; drug trafficking; social impacts of armed violence in favelas

Experiences of violence and/or crime in the last 12 months in Maré	Regions of Maré			Gang/milícia Ratio
	Area 1 Gang	Area 2 Gang	Area 3 Milícia
Restricted access to public facilities due to violence	64.6	57.0	3.9	15.6
The household was invaded by criminals or police	19.9	10.7	1.3	12.2
Was caught in the middle of a shooting	49.7	47.9	4.8	10.2
Witnessed someone being shot or killed	22.6	14.7	2.1	9.0
Work or school/university performance adversely affected due to violence	38.4	36.7	4.5	8.4
Suffered material loss due to violence	10.4	7.2	2.2	4.0
Saw someone being beaten or assaulted	29.6	23.0	7.3	3.6
Was assaulted	1.6	2.1	0.7	2.8
Suffered some verbal violence, was verbally abused or humiliated	8.9	13.5	4.7	2.4
Suffered extortion	2.5	1.3	0.9	2.2

Types of fear and feelings of insecurity	Region of Maré			Reason gang/milícia
Types of fear and feelings of insecurity	Area 1 Gang	Area 2 Gang	Area 3 Milícia
Fear of a close friend/relative/partner being hit by a stray bullet	69.8	76.7	42.3	1.7
Fear of personally being hit by a stray bullet in Maré	61.1	69.5	33.3	2.0
Fear of a close friend/relative/partner suffering physical or verbal abuse	43.2	50.8	32.4	1.5
Fear of personally suffering physical or verbal abuse within Maré	29.7	39.1	21.4	1.6
Fear of a close friend/relative/partner being obliged to engage in illicit activities	36.0	39.1	34.9	1.1
Fear of suffering material/work losses due to situations of violence	34.4	37.6	20.1	1.8
Fear of saying what you think or feel in Maré	31.4	33.3	22.4	1.4
Fear of being obliged to engage in illicit activities	19.0	26.1	19.8	1.1
Fear felt in the street or public squares	14.7	12.7	10.9	1.3
Fear of moving around Maré	11.8	11.6	10.4	1.1
Having to avoid certain things, places or activities because of fear	8.6	9.4	5.4	1.7

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Largo de São Francisco de Paula, 1, Sala 109, Cep: 20051-070, Rio de Janeiro - RJ / Brasil , (+55) (21) 3559.1926 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: coordenacao.dilemas@gmail.com

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[1] EDUARDO RIBEIRO

(eduardoribeirobr@gmail.com) é professor adjunto do Departamento de Sociologia do Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj, Brasil). É pesquisador do Laboratório de Análise da Violência (LAV) da Uerj. Tem doutorado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais (PPCIS) da Uerj, mestrado em Estudos Populacionais e Pesquisas Sociais pela Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas (Ence) e graduação em ciências sociais pela Uerj.