Clark et al.2323. Clark MLE, Vinen Z, Barbaro J, Dissanayake C. School age outcomes of children diagnosed early and later with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018;48(1):92-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3279-x https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
|
2018 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Experimental (n=48)
-
Comparison (n=37)
|
Comparison of prognoses according to the initiation of EI for ASD at different ages |
Intervention for ASD was most effective in children diagnosed up to 2 years of age. |
80 |
Maksimovic et al.2424. Maksimović S, Marisavljević M, Stanojević N, Ćirović M, Punišić S, Adamović T, et al. Importance of early intervention in reducing autistic symptoms and speech-language deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder. Children (Basel). 2023;10(1):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10010122 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/...
|
2023 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
Experimental (n=29) |
Comparison of prognoses according to the initiation of EI for ASD at different ages |
Autistic symptoms are reduced more in younger children than in older children. EI had better effects in younger children. |
100 |
Lombardo et al.2525. Lombardo MV, Busuoli EM, Schreibman L, Stahmer AC, Pramparo T, Landi I, et al. Pre-treatment clinical and gene expression patterns predict developmental change in early intervention in autism. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(12):7641-51. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01239-2 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/...
|
2021 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
Experimental (n=41) |
Comparison of prognoses according to the initiation of EI for ASD at different ages |
Shows the importance of early treatment starting ideally before 24 months. Also shows for the first time that blood gene expression characteristics can predict how fast toddlers with ASD respond to early treatment. |
60 |
Vinen et al.2626. Vinen Z, Clark M, Paynter J, Dissanayake C. School age outcomes of children with autism spectrum disorder who received community-based early interventions. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018;48(5):1673-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3414-8 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
|
2018 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Experimental (n=31)
-
Comparison (n=28)
|
Comparison of prognoses according to the initiation of EI for ASD at different ages |
The results of school-aged children with ASD who received EI during their preschool years are promising. |
80 |
Green et al.2727. Green J, Charman T, Pickles A, Wan M W, Elsabbagh M, Slonims V, et al. Parent-mediated intervention versus no intervention for infants at high risk of autism: a parallel, single-blind, randomised trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(2):133-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00091-1 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/...
|
2015 |
Quantitative randomized controlled trials |
-
Intervention (n=28)
-
Control (n=26)
|
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
The specific results suggest that the intervention increased the baby’s attention to parents. Parent-mediated intervention was applied. |
100 |
Frazier et al.2828. Frazier TW, Klingemier EW, Anderson CJ, Gengoux GW, Youngstrom EA, Hardan AY. A longitudinal study of language trajectories and treatment outcomes of early intensive behavioral intervention for autism. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;51(12):4534-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04900-5 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/...
|
2021 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
Experimental (n=131) |
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
The EIBI method demonstrated significant changes in the prognosis of ASD, mainly with regard to language. More representative surveys are needed. |
60 |
MacDonald et al.2929. MacDonald R, Parry-Cruwys D, Dupere S, Ahearn W. Assessing progress and outcome of early intensive behavioral intervention for toddlers with autism. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(12):3632-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.036 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/...
|
2014 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Experimental (n=83)
-
Comparison (n=58)
|
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
Significant gains with EIBI, especially when applied before 24 months |
60 |
Waters et al.3030. Waters CF, Dickens MA, Thurston SW, Lu X, Smith T. Sustainability of early intensive behavioral intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder in a community setting. Behav Modif. 2020;44(1):3-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445518786463 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/...
|
2020 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Experimental (n=48)
-
Comparison (n=46)
|
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
The study demonstrates that the EIBI method is effective in community settings for children with ASD starting an intervention in different ages throughout early childhood. |
100 |
Howard et al.3131. Howard JS, Stanislaw H, Green G, Sparkman CR, Cohen HG. Comparison of behavior analytic and eclectic early interventions for young children with autism after three years. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(12):3326-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.08.021 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/...
|
2014 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Experimental (n=29)
-
Comparison (n=32)
|
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
ABA therapy achieved better results than eclectic therapies. |
100 |
Rahman et al.3232. Rahman A, Divan G, Hamdani SU, Vajaratkar V, Taylor C, Leadbitter K, et al. Effectiveness of the parent-mediated intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder in south Asia in India and Pakistan (PASS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(2):128-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00388-0 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/...
|
2016 |
Quantitative randomized controlled trials |
-
Intervention (n=32)
-
Control (n=33)
|
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
Use of a tailored (parent-mediated) intervention was effective in low- and middle-income countries. |
100 |
Perera et al.3333. Perera H, Jeewandara KC, Seneviratne S, Guruge C. Outcome of home-based early intervention for autism in sri lanka: follow-up of a cohort and comparison with a nonintervention group. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:3284087. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3284087 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/...
|
2016 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Experimental (n=62)
-
Comparison (n=42)
|
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
The home EI results found a statistically significant improvement between pre- and post-intervention in all measured parameters. |
80 |
Kitzerow et al.3434. Kitzerow J, Teufel K, Jensen K, Wilker C, Freitag CM. Case-control study of the low intensive autism-specific early behavioral intervention A-FFIP: outcome after one year. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2020;48(2):103-12. https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000661 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1024/...
|
2020 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Case (n=20)
-
Control (n=20)
|
Establishment of prognostic gains from different intervention programs |
The low-intensity early intervention called A-FFIP was effective and brought important prognostic results. |
80 |
Estes et al.3535. Estes A, Munson J, Rogers SJ, Greenson J, Winter J, Dawson G. Long-term outcomes of early intervention in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;54(7):580-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.005 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/...
|
2015 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
-
Experimental (n=24)
-
Comparison (n=24)
|
Assessment of whether early intervention results are maintained over time |
There is evidence that gains from early intensive intervention are maintained for at least 2 years afterwards. |
100 |
Wei et al.3636. Wei H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Luo J, Wang S, Dong Q, et al. Awareness and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder in Western China: promoting early identification and intervention. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:970611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.970611 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/...
|
2022 |
|
-
Medical Workers (n=269)
-
Educators (n=181)
-
Community (n=188)
|
Knowledge survey about ASD in people who work or will have early contact with children with ASD |
Professionals were able to recognize early signs of ASD but had an inadequate understanding of the disorder. |
80 |
Coelho et al.3737. Coelho AM, Conceição V. Predictors in ASD: the importance of parents’ perception. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:506148. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.506148 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/...
|
2021 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
Experimental (n=55) |
Investigation of the development trajectory of two groups of children with ASD in search of predictive factors and adjustments for better intervention strategies |
Diagnosis and early intervention are determinants of different prognoses. Parent participation is critical to the success of EI. |
80 |
Jonsdottir et al.3838. Jonsdottir SL, Saemundsen E, Gudmundsdottir S, Haraldsdottir GS, Palsdottir AH, Rafnsson V. Implementing an early detection program for autism in primary healthcare: Screening, education of healthcare professionals, referrals for diagnostic evaluation, and early intervention. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2020;77:101616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101616 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/...
|
2020 |
Quantitative non-randomized |
Experimental (n=1,586) |
Study on screening method and its effects on final prognosis |
The M-CHAT-R method was able to detect cases of underdiagnosis at 30 months of age. |
60 |