Borges et al.1616 Borges CR, Poyares D, Piovezan R, Nitrini R, Brucki S. Alzheimer's disease and sleep disturbances: a review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019;77(11):815-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190149 https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x2019014...
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Systematic review |
Sleep disturbance/EEG |
Patients with cognitive impairment or AD |
Sleep disorders may be related to AD by reduction of non-REM sleep. |
Bubu et al.55 Bubu OM, Brannick M, Mortimer J, Umasabor-Bubu O, Sebastião YV, Wen Y, et al. Sleep, cognitive impairment, and alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. 2017;40(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw032 https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw032...
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Systematic review |
Sleep disorders/amyloid PET |
Patient with and without sleep problems |
Long and short sleep duration, circadian rhythm abnormality, poor sleep quality, OSA, and insomnia were associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia than individuals who did not have sleep problems. |
Burke et al.1919 Burke SL, Hu T, Spadola CE, Li T, Naseh M, Burgess A, et al. Mild cognitive impairment: associations with sleep disturbance, apolipoprotein e4, and sleep medications. Sleep Med. 2018;52:168-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09....
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Cross sectional study |
Sleep medications/observation |
Patients without dementia |
Sleep medications potentially mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment. |
Cordone et al.1818 Cordone S, Annarumma L, Rossini PM, De Gennaro L. Sleep and β-amyloid deposition in Alzheimer disease: insights on mechanisms and possible innovative treatments. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:695. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00695 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00695...
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Systematic review |
Sleep deprivation and Aβ accumulation/EEG |
Patients with sleep disturbance |
Aβ accumulation in the brain is linked to the disruption of slow wave sleep. |
De Gennaro et al.1717 De Gennaro L, Gorgoni M, Reda F, Lauri G, Truglia I, Cordone S, et al. The fall of sleep K-complex in Alzheimer disease. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):39688. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39688 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39688...
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Case control |
Sleep quality/EEG |
Patients with AD |
Decrease in stage 2 sleep K-complexes in AD |
Fan et al.99 Fan L, Xu W, Cai Y, Hu Y, Wu C. Sleep duration and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(12):1480-7.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.06.009 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.06....
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Meta-analysis |
Sleep duration/questionnaire/interview |
Patients with AD or dementia |
Only long sleep duration is significantly associated with an increased risk of all AD and dementia. |
Ferini-Strambi1313 Ferini-Strambi L. Sleep disorders and increased risk of dementia. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(12):3484-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15562 https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15562...
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Systematic review |
Sleep duration and sleep quality, sleep disorder/questionnaires, clinical diagnosis |
Patient with and without sleep problem |
Insomnia was discovered to be linked with AD, whereas sleep disorder breathing was associated with a high risk of developing dementia. |
Henry et al.88 Henry A, Katsoulis M, Masi S, Fatemifar G, Denaxas S, Acosta D, et al. The relationship between sleep duration, cognition and dementia: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(3):849-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz071 https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz071...
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Mendelian randomization (MR) |
Sleep duration/questionnaires, clinical diagnosis |
Patient with and without sleep problems |
The study's results may imply that time of sleep can develop cognitive impairment. |
Insel et al.1515 Insel PS, Mohlenhoff BS, Neylan TC, Krystal AD, Mackin RS. Association of sleep and β-amyloid pathology among older cognitively unimpaired adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(7):e2117573. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17573 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen....
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Cross sectional study |
Sleep disruption/PET Regional Aβ pathology |
Patients without dementia |
Increased risk of Aβ deposition with reduced nighttime sleep duration occurred early, before cognitive impairment or significant Aβ deposition. |
Kinugawa et al.1212 Kinugawa K, Nguyen-Michel VH, Mariani J. Le syndrome d'apnées obstructives du sommeil: une cause de troubles cognitifs chez les personnes âgées? Rev Med Interne. 2014;35(10):664-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2014.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2014.02...
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Cross sectional/medium |
Brain damage/MRI |
Normative aging participant |
OSA was significantly connected to the development of dementia and other related disorder. |
Lim et al.1010 Lim ASP, Kowgier M, Yu L, Buchman AS, Bennett DA. Sleep fragmentation and the risk of incident alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in older persons. Sleep. 2013;36(7):1027-32. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2802 https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2802...
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Prospective cohort/high |
Sleep fragmentation/wrist actigraphy |
Community dwelling elderly |
Sleep fragmentation is associated with dementia and cognitive impairment in older adults. |
Lucey1414 Lucey BP. It's complicated: the relationship between sleep and Alzheimer's disease in humans. Neurobiol Dis. 2020;144:105031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105031 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2020.10503...
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Review |
Sleep questionnaires, logs, actigraphy, polysomnography, EEG |
Older adults, varying cognitive statuses, with/without AD pathology |
Sleep disturbances could be markers for AD pathology or a mechanism mediating increased AD risk. |
Mander et al.2020 Mander BA, Winer JR, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. Sleep: a novel mechanistic pathway, biomarker, and treatment target in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease? Trends Neurosci. 2016;39(8):552-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.05.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.05.0...
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Systematic review |
Sleep disruption/EEG |
Cognitively healthy adults |
Sleep disruption is an early diagnostic biomarker of AD risk. |
Musiek et al.2121 Musiek ES, Xiong DD, Holtzman DM. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Exp Mol Med. 2015;47(3):e148. https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2014.121 https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2014.121...
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Systematic review |
Sleep disturbances/questionnaires, clinical diagnosis |
Patients with AD |
Therapeutic strategies for sleep may delay AD. |
Shi et al.77 Shi L, Chen SJ, Ma MY, Bao YP, Han Y, Wang YM, et al. Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;40:4-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.0...
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Systematic review |
Sleep disorder/self-reported symptoms, questionnaires, clinical diagnosis, or objective monitored sleep parameters |
Patient with and without sleep problem |
Sleep disorder and sleep disturbance influence the development of dementia, and it also highlights the importance of quality sleep. |
Spira et al.44 Spira AP, Gamaldo AA, An Y, Wu MN, Simonsick EM, Bilgel M, et al. Self-reported sleep and β-amyloid deposition in community-dwelling older adults. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(12):1537-43. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.4258 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2013....
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Cross sectional/medium |
Sleep quality/Aβ PET |
Normative aging participant |
Lower sleep quality and shorter sleep are also connected with more significant Aβ burden, and it also increases the risk of dementia and AD. |
Sterniczuk et al.66 Sterniczuk R, Theou O, Rusak B, Rockwood K. Sleep disturbance is associated with incident dementia and mortality. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2013;10(7):767-75. https://doi.org/10.2174/15672050113109990134 https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205011310999...
|
Secondary analyses of sleep-related measure |
Sleep disturbance/questionnaire |
Men and women with and without experience of sleep disorder |
A person who lacks sleep regularly can also increase the risk of dementia. |
Zhou et al.1111 Zhou G, Liu S, Yu X, Zhao X, Ma L, Shan P. High prevalence of sleep disorders and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in late-onset Alzheimer disease: a study in Eastern China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(50):e18405. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018405 https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018...
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Cross sectional/medium |
Sleep disorder/questionnaire |
AD patient |
The severity of sleep disorders is connected with the significance of cognitive decline in AD. |