Active lifestyle enhances protein expression profile in subjects with Lewy body pathology

Real, Caroline Cristiano; Suemoto, Cláudia Kimie; Binda, Karina Henrique; Grinberg, Lea Tenenholz; Pasqualucci, Carlos Augusto; Jacob Filho, Wilson; Ferretti-Rebustini, Renata Eloah de Lucena; Nitrini, Ricardo; Leite, Renata Elaine Paraizo; Britto, Luiz Roberto de

doi:10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-010004

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Original Article • Dement Neuropsychol 15 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-010004 linkcopy

Active lifestyle enhances protein expression profile in subjects with Lewy body pathology

O ESTILO DE VIDA ATIVO MELHORA O PERFIL DE EXPRESSÃO DE PROTEÍNAS EM INDIVÍDUOS COM A PATOLOGIA DE CORPOS DE LEWY

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ABSTRACT.

Clinical trials of the effects of physical activity have reported improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, morphological brain changes after exercising were reported in PD animal models. However, these lifestyle-related changes were not evaluated in postmortem brain tissue.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry, astrocytes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and structural proteins expression (neurofilaments and microtubules — MAP2) changes in postmortem brain samples of individuals with Lewy body pathology.

Methods: Braak PD stage≥III samples, classified by neuropathology analysis, from The Biobank for Aging Studies were classified into active (n=12) and non-active (n=12) groups, according to physical activity lifestyle, and paired by age, sex and Braak staging. Substantia nigra and basal ganglia were evaluated.

Results: Groups were not different in terms of age or gender and had similar PD neuropathological burden (p=1.00). We observed higher TH expression in the active group in the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia (p=0.04). Astrocytes was greater in the non-active subjects in the midbrain (p=0.03) and basal ganglia (p=0.0004). MAP2 levels were higher for non-active participants in the basal ganglia (p=0.003) and similar between groups in the substantia nigra (p=0.46). Neurofilament levels for non-active participants were higher in the substantia nigra (p=0.006) but not in the basal ganglia (p=0.24).

Conclusion: Active lifestyle seems to promote positive effects on brain by maintaining dopamine synthesis and structural protein expression in the nigrostriatal system and decrease astrogliosis in subjects with the same PD neuropathology burden.

Keywords: Life style; aging; Lewy bodies; postmortem examination; Parkinson disease; dopamine; astrocytes

	Non-active (n=12)	Active (n=12)	p-value
Age (years), mean±SD^* * paired t-test	80.8±2.42	81.2±2.52	0.71
Male, n (%)^† † McNemar test; PD: Parkinson's disease; AD: Alzheimer's disease; SD: standard deviation.	7 (58.3)	7 (58.3)	1.00
Braak PD staging≥III, n (%)^† † McNemar test; PD: Parkinson's disease; AD: Alzheimer's disease; SD: standard deviation.	12 (100)	12 (100)	1.00
Clinical Dementia Rating CDR>0, n (%)^† † McNemar test; PD: Parkinson's disease; AD: Alzheimer's disease; SD: standard deviation.	8 (66.7)	5 (41.7)	0.45
Braak AD staging≥III, n (%)^† † McNemar test; PD: Parkinson's disease; AD: Alzheimer's disease; SD: standard deviation.	9 (75)	9 (75)	1.00
Tanner score, mean±SD^* * paired t-test	3.42±3.20	0.67±1.07	0.03

	Substantia Nigra		Basal Ganglia
	Non-active (n=12)	Active (n=12)	Non-active (n=12)	Active (n=12)
Tyrosine hydroxylase	2.21±1.62	3.90±1.63	0.51±0.28	1.09±0.77
mean±SD (10⁷)^* * paired t-test. Data are expressed as the integrated density mean in an area of 0.58 mm2.	2.21±1.62	3.90±1.63	0.51±0.28	1.09±0.77
Microtubule-associated protein 2	1.86±1.05	1.54±0.81	1.57±0.73	0.73±0.41
mean±SD (10⁷)^* * paired t-test. Data are expressed as the integrated density mean in an area of 0.58 mm2.	1.86±1.05	1.54±0.81	1.57±0.73	0.73±0.41
Neurofilaments	1.07±0.43	0.58±0.24	2.53±1.32	3.28±1.43
mean±SD (10⁷)^* * paired t-test. Data are expressed as the integrated density mean in an area of 0.58 mm2.	1.07±0.43	0.58±0.24	2.53±1.32	3.28±1.43
Glial fibrillary acidic protein	2.44±0.83	1.69±0.70	1.99±0.60	1.09±0.54
mean±SD (107)^* * paired t-test. Data are expressed as the integrated density mean in an area of 0.58 mm2.	2.44±0.83	1.69±0.70	1.99±0.60	1.09±0.54

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Academia Brasileira de Neurologia, Departamento de Neurologia Cognitiva e Envelhecimento R. Vergueiro, 1353 sl.1404 - Ed. Top Towers Offices, Torre Norte, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, CEP 04101-000, Tel.: +55 11 5084-9463 | +55 11 5083-3876 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[TFN1] ^*
paired t-test

[TFN2] ^†
McNemar test; PD: Parkinson's disease; AD: Alzheimer's disease; SD: standard deviation.