Pre peak of pubertal growth spurt (PGS) |
Newborn (From birth to 29 days) |
Period of gingival rollers |
Absence of teeth |
Physiological dystocclusion |
Not applicable |
Complete dependence on parents; Exclusive breastfeeding |
Baby (From 30 days to 23 months) |
Deciduous |
Beginning of eruption of deciduous teeth |
Reduction of physiological distoclusion |
Not applicable |
Great dependence on parents; introduction of solid foods; speech evolution |
Preschool Childhood (2 -5 years) |
Deciduous/early mixed |
Complete deciduous dentition. Determination of the occlusion key of deciduous second molars Transition to mixed dentition, with eruption of first molars and permanent incisors. |
Intersphenoidal synchondrosis fusion |
Generally does not apply |
Many cognitive skills develop |
Beginning of PGS, or Ascending curve of PGS, or Pubertal growth spurt speed peak (PGSSP) |
Childhood (6 - 12 years) |
Mixed |
Ugly duckling phase Eruption of permanent canines and premolars |
Spheno-ethmoidal synchondrosis fusion |
Ascending curve of pubertal growth spurt Proximity to the peak of the pubertal growth spurt |
Development of logical thinking, improvement of language and memory; Appearance of secondary sexual characters; Period of menarche (girls) |
Ascending curve of PGS, or Pubertal growth spurt speed peak (PGSSP), or Descending curve of PGS |
Adolescence (13 - 18 years) |
Mixed late |
Eruption of permanent canines |
Presence of growth (stages CS3 to CS5 of cervical vertebrae maturation) |
Peak of the pubertal growth spurt |
Appearance of secondary sexual characters Period of menarche/post-menarche (girls); |
Permanent |
Presence of permanent second molars; Possible eruption of third molars |
Descending curve of pubertal growth |
Search for the identity and maturity of the reproductive system |
Descending curve of PGS After the end of PGS, or End of the growth |
Young adult (19 - 24 years) |
Permanent |
Presence of third molars |
Final or absence of growth (stages CS5 to CS6 of cervical vertebrae maturation) |
Descending curve |
Stability of personality traits; Physical and cognitive peak |
Beginning of synostosis of the coronal and sagittal sutures, and fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis |
Or the end of the pubertal growth spurt |
Maximum performance of adult life |
End of the growth |
Adult (25 - 44 years) |
Permanent |
Complete permanent dentition |
Synostosis of the lambdoid suture |
No longer shows growth |
Increase in the number of marital relationships; paternity/maternity |
Middle age (45- 64 years) |
Permanent |
Possible tooth loss due to fractures, trauma; Dental wear; Reduction in the length and perimeter of the arch; increased overbite; and lower anterior crowding. |
Fused sutures and synchondroses |
No longer shows growth |
First signs of physical degeneration; Decreased sperm quality Menopause / Andropause |
Older adults (65 - 79 years) |
Permanent |
Eventual partial or total dental absences and use of dental prostheses; Teeth in more yellowish, brown, or gray tones; Erosion, abrasion. |
Fused sutures and synchondroses; Greater resorption in the maxilla and mandible. |
No longer shows growth |
Increased physical and cognitive fragility; higher risk of bone fractures. Reduced muscle tone |
Older adults + (80 years or older) |
Permanent |
Eventual partial or total dental absences and use of dental prostheses; Partial or complete obliteration of the volume of the canals and pulp chamber; reduced salivary volume; difficulty eating. |
Fused sutures and synchondroses |
No longer shows growth |
Frequent chronic pain Reduced muscle tone |