17.07 |
Chen & Chen, 2021Chen YC, Chen LY (2021) Pelleting spent coffee grounds by waste utensils as binders of biofuels. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9(3):105006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.105006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.1050...
|
25.30 |
Barbanera & Muguerza, 2020Barbanera M, Muguerza IF (2020) Effect of the temperature on the spent coffee grounds torrefaction process in a continuous pilot-scale reactor. Fuel 262:116493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.1164...
|
22.38 |
26.60 |
24.62 |
27.30 |
25.86 |
29.50 |
23.40 |
21.77 |
Zhang et al., 2018Zhang C, Ho SH, Chen WH, Xie Y, Liu Z, Chang JS (2018) Torrefaction performance and energy usage of biomass wastes and their correlations with torrefaction severity index. Applied energy 220:598-604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018....
|
25.59 |
21.80 |
Kim et al., 2017Kim D, Lee K, Bae D, Park KY (2017) Characterizations of biochar from hydrothermal carbonization of exhausted coffee residue. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 19(3):1036-1043. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-016-0572-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-016-0572-...
|
26.21 |
18.80 |
Kang et al., 2017Kang SB, Oh HY, Kim JJ, Choi KS (2017) Characteristics of spent coffee ground as a fuel and combustion test in a small boiler (6.5 kW). Renewable Energy 113:1208-1214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.06.092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017....
|
22.80 |
Van Nguyen et al., 2021Van Nguyen Q, Choi YS, Choi SK, Jeong YW, Han SY (2021) Co-pyrolysis of coffee-grounds and waste polystyrene foam: Synergistic effect and product characteristics analysis. Fuel 292: 120375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.1203...
|
23.20 |
Li et al., 2014Li X, Strezov V, Kan T (2014) Energy recovery potential analysis of spent coffee grounds pyrolysis products. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 110:79-87. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.08.012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2014.08...
|
24.15 |
Martinez et al., 2021Martinez CLM, Saari J, Melo Y, Cardoso M, Almeida GM de, Vakkilainen E (2021) Evaluation of thermochemical routes for the valorization of solid coffee residues to produce biofuels: a Brazilian case. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 137:110585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.1105...
|
20.10 |
Vardon et al., 2013Vardon DR, Moser BR, Zheng W, Witkin K, Evangelista RL, StrathmannTJ, Sharma BK (2013) Complete utilization of spent coffee grounds to produce biodiesel, bio-oil, and biochar. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 1(10):1286-1294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400145w. https://doi.org/10.1021/sc400145w...
|
22.00 |
23.40 |
23.80 |
22.74 |
Bok et al., 2012Bok JP, Choi HS, Choi YS, Park HC, Kim SJ (2012) Fast pyrolysis of spent coffee grounds: Characteristics of product yields and biocrude oil quality. Energy 47(1):17-24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012....
|
21.80 |
23.50 |
Tsai et al., 2012Tsai WT, Liu SC, Hsieh CH (2012) Preparation and fuel properties of biochars from the pyrolysis of exhausted coffee residue. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 93:63-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2011.09.010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2011.09.0...
|
24.30 |
23.72 |
Zuorro & LaVecchia, 2012Zuorro A, Lavecchia R (2012) Spent coffee grounds as a valuable source of phenolic compounds and bioenergy. Journal of Cleaner Production 34:49-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.12.003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.1...
|
22.14 |
Kibret et al., 2021Kibret HA, Kuo YL, Ke TY, Tseng YH (2021) Gasification of spent coffee grounds in a semi-fluidized bed reactor using steam and CO2 gasification medium. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 119:115-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.01.029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2021.01....
|
19.82 |
Skreiberg et al., 2011Skreiberg A, Skreiberg Ø, Sandquist J, Sørum L (2011) TGA and macro-TGA characterisation of biomass fuels and fuel mixtures. Fuel 90(6):2182-2197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.0...
|
The arithmetic mean of the values found was 23.35 ± 2.63 MJ/kg. |