Factors associated with fall prevention practices in older adults

Gaspar, Ana Carolina Macri; Azevedo, Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza; Reiners, Annelita Almeida Oliveira; Mendes, Priscila Aguiar; Segri, Neuber José

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Sumário

RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 21 (2) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1414-8145.20170044 copy

Factors associated with fall prevention practices in older adults^a a Extracted from the dissertation “Fall prevention practices performed by older adults of the family health units and associated factors”, Graduate Program in Nursing – MSc in Nursing of the Faculty of Nursing of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2016.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To analyze the prevalence of fall prevention practices in older adults and the associated factors.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, analytical study with 557 older adults that were attending family health units. Data were collected using structured interviews. The dependent variable was the fall prevention practice. The associations were estimated through Poisson regression with robust variation.

Results:

The prevalence of fall prevention practices was 35.7%. After adjustments, the variables associated with the outcome were: gender (p = 0.003), very good/good self-assessment of health (p = 0.035), regular self-assessment of health (p = 0.012) and education (p = 0.039).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of fall prevention practices found was higher among older adult men with self-reported very good/good and regular health and with 5 or more years of study. This study contributes to assist the nurse in the planning of interventions to prevent falls in older adults.

Keywords:
Accidental Falls; Accident Prevention; Disease Prevention; Patient Acceptance of Health Care

Variables	n	Prevalence (%)	Crude PR (95% CI)	p-value^* * Chi-squared test of association.
Gender
Female	107	31.1	1.00	0.004
Male	092	43.1	1.38 (1.11-1.73)	0.004
Age group
60-69 years	093	32.7	1.00	0.152
70 years and more	106	38.7	1.17 (0.94-1.47)	0.152
Marital Status
Widowed/single/separated	082	32.8	1.00	0.106
Married/stable union	117	38.7	1.20 (0.96-1.51)	0.106
Education
0 to 4 years of study	167	34.4	1.00	0.098
5 or more years of study	032	44.4	1.29 (0.96-1.72)	0.098
Occupational status
Retired	148	37.3	1.22 (0.87-1.69)	0.649
Did not work	029	30.5	1.00
Worked	013	33.3	1.09 (0.63-1.87)
Retired and worked	009	34.6	1.13 (0.61-2.08)
Individual income
Up to 1 MW	006	18.7	1.00	0.039
More than 1MW	193	36.8	1.96 (0.94-4.07)	0.039
Family income
Up to 2 MW	040	28.4	1.00	0.035
More than 2 MW	159	38.2	1.34 (1.00-1.80)	0.035
Family arrangement
Alone	029	34.5	1.00	0.803
Accompanied	170	36.0	1.04 (0.76-1.43)	0.803

Variables	N	Prevalence (%)	Crude PR (95% CI)	p-value^* * Chi-squared test of association.
Self-assessment of health
Very good/good	087	35.4	1.77 (1.10-2.86)	0.018
Regular	098	40.0	1.88 (1.15-3.07)
Poor/very poor	014	21.2	1.00
Self-reported health problem
Yes	195	35.4	1.00	0.234
No	004	57.1	1.61 (0.84-3.09)	0.234
Number of health problems
None/1 problem	009	24.3	1.00	0.145
2 or more problems	186	36.4	1.49 (0.83-2.65)	0.145
Self-reported vision impairment
Yes	177	36.5	0.84 (0.58-1.22)	0.326
No	022	30.5	1.00	0.326
Self-reported hearing impairment
Yes	047	37.6	0.93 (0.72-1.21)	0.620
No	152	35.2	1.00	0.620
Use of medication
Yes	169	36.4	0.88 (0.64-1.22)	0.444
No	030	32.3	1.00	0.444
Fall in the last year
Yes	083	37.7	0.91 (0.73-1.14)	0.426
No	116	34.4	1.00	0.426
Fear of falling
Yes	194	35.5	1.00	0.342
No	005	50.0	0.71 (0.38-1.33)	0.342
Functional capacity
Independent	162	38.5	1.41 (1.05-1.91)	0.017
Dependent	037	27.2	1.00	0.017
Depressed mood
Yes	034	26.8	1.00	0.017
No	165	38.4	1.43 (1.05-1.95)	0.017
Nutritional status
Low weight	015	24.6	1.00	0.080
Normal	093	39.7	1.61 (1.01-2.58)
Overweight	091	34.7	1.41 (0.88-2.26)
Smoker
Yes	013	24.5	1.00	0.074
No	186	36.9	1.50 (0.92-2.44)	0.074
Use of alcohol
Yes	043	35.5	1.00	0.961
No	156	35.8	1.00 (0.77-1.32)	0.961

Variables and categories	Crude PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR^* * Adjusted for income, use of tobacco, age and other variables in the Table using the Poisson regression method. (95% CI)	p-value
Gender
Female	1.00	1.00	0.003
Male	1.38 (1.11-1.73)	1.38 (1.11-1.72)	0.003
Self-assessment of health
Very good/good	1.77 (1.10-2.86)	1.66 (1.03-2.66)	0.035
Regular	1.88 (1.15-3.07)	1.82 (1.14-2.90)	0.012
Poor/very poor	1.00	1.00
Individual income
Up to 1 MW	1.00	1.00	0.110
Greater than 1MW	1.96 (0.94-4.07)	1.81 (0.87-3.76)	0.110
Smoker
Yes	1.00	1.00	0.054
No	1.50 (0.92-2.44)	1.59 (0.99-2.56)	0.054
Education
0 to 4 years of study	1.00	1.00	0.039
5 or more years of study	1.29 (0.96-1.72)	1.35 (1.01-1.81)	0.039
Age group
60 to 69 years	1.00	1.00	0.198
70 years and more	1.17 (0.94-1.47)	1.16 (0.92-1.46)	0.198

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[1] Corresponding author: Ana Carolina Macri Gaspar. E-mail: anacarolinamacri@hotmail.com