Ressignificando teoría de los vínculos profesionales en el trabajo en enfermeira

Carvalho, Lisa Antunes; Thofehrn, Maira Buss; Barlem, Edison Luiz Devos; Nunes, Nara Jací da Silva

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2019-0138

Brazil

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 24 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2019-0138 linkcopiar

Ressignificando teoría de los vínculos profesionales en el trabajo en enfermeira

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo: construir nuevos significados para conceptos de la Teoría de los Vínculos Profesionales con el equipo de enfermería en el micro espacio de trabajo.

Método: cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, fundamentado en la Teoría Histórico-Cultural de Vygotsky. Participaron ocho enfermeras asistenciales de escenarios distintos del cuidado. Datos colectados por la técnica de grupo focal y análisis por la propuesta operativa de Minayo.

Resultados: al inicio de la resignificación surgieron algunas fragilidades para la aplicación de la teoría, entre ellas: falta de tiempo y espacio físico para reunirse con los equipos, inexperiencia con el abordaje y las técnicas de dinámica grupal. Espiritualidad y gestión de conflictos surgieron en el discurso colectivo contribuyendo para el perfeccionamiento de la teoría.

Conclusiones e Implicaciones para la práctica: se evidenciaron lagunas para superar tanto en el ámbito relacional, técnico y personal, permitiendo que cada enfermera visualizara cómo se da su proceso de trabajo. Permite un ejercicio reflexivo sobre la realización y el alcance del trabajo grupal y la acción y el discurso de las enfermeras en el manejo de las relaciones interpersonales. Por medio de los nuevos conceptos que se agregaron a la teoría, se puede constituir un modelo de gestión para el trabajo en enfermería.

Palabras-clave:
Vínculos; Teoría; Relaciones interpersonales; Equipo de enfermería

Concept in the TPL	Resignification of the concept by the nurses
Integration Process
Integration Process is a social process that occurs from the persons' movement, individually and of group, which tends to unify a team, by incorporating all the participants, leading to a complementarity, without forgetting to maintain recognition of the particularities of each human being. The TPL considers as parts within the integration process: the interaction; self-knowledge; acceptance of the other; way of approaching the group and the relevant cooperation for the formation and affirmation of the professional links, as it refers to development of the professional task in a collective way, taking into consideration the individual and peculiar skills for the collective of work [...].	"It is understood that the Integration Process involves the commitment of one towards all, with a view to achieving a professional task. We cannot admit the individuality in this process. It should be allowed to exchange ideas and experiences by means of constructing a space of dialogue within health organizations that favors human relationships. The integration process in the hospital environment is constituted in: respect, friendship, self-knowledge, honesty in relationships, conflict management, empathy, polite ways of approach, construction of dialogical institutional spaces, affection, development of the spirituality with the aim of sensitizing the group to welcome the others" [...].
Communication Process
For the TPL, the communication process is a determinant factor for the establishment of a cohesive team, allowing the integration among their participants, for the promotion of the therapeutic care to human beings of Health institutions. In this context, the positive communication is inserted, as it assists in the development of attitudes and actions that lead to a positive communication, in which there is the involvement of an open and equalitarian, and an authentic and solidarity communication	"The Communication process involves a team attitude in considering the nurse as coordinator and leader, since it is he who will address the care actions and the tasks of the unit. With this, we understand that the communication will be respected and effective, since the work will flow well when there is the nurse's recognition. In this process, we believe that by means of meetings and dialogue, the communication in the team promotes healthy relationships. This process should contain willingness to change, positive attitudes, appreciation of the colleague and fraternization in one's own working sector, and beyond to reaffirm the group identity, and exercise of constructive power. Negative leadership should be dissolved and decrease to the maximum possible the turnover of persons in the nursing team. This process contains the negotiating and decision- making skill [...].
Professional Competence
The professional competence corresponds to the nursing worker's ethical-legal skill to carry out and respond for the therapeutic care given to persons in distress, and must comply with the Professional Exercise Law and the Code of Ethics of the Nursing Professionals. It is up to the nurse to be aware of the unit reality, especially of persons who seek or are hospitalized in the actuation micro-space under its responsibility.	"The professional competence is better developed through the continuing education, which can be done by the nurse himself, together with his team. Being competent, professionally, means carrying out care actions in a responsible and ethics way. Meetings team serve to enhance the group, and all members should be flexible to participate. The professional competence in our view is linked to the hierarchical limits that each professional has in relation to their legal competences of the nursing exercise, to which everyone must respect".

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