Validation of the “Interactive Breastfeeding Scale”: theoretical and empirical analysis

Primo, Cândida Caniçali; Henrique, Lury Rodrigues; Bertazo, Quetellen da Silva; Resende, Fabiola Zanetti; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa; Brandão, Marcos Antônio Gomes

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2019-0207

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 24 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2019-0207 copy

Validation of the “Interactive Breastfeeding Scale”: theoretical and empirical analysis^a a Article extracted from the course conclusion paper author by Lury Rodrigues Henrique and Quetellen da Silva Bertazo under the supervisor of Cândida Caniçali Primo. Sustained in 2017, at the Federal University of Espirito Santo. 2018.

Validación de la “Escala Interactiva de la Lactancia Materna”: análisis teórico y empírico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To conduct a theoretical and empirical analysis of the Interactive Breastfeeding Scale.

Method:

A methodological study that followed the measurement method by Pasquali and was carried out in two stages: theoretical analysis with 40 nurses as content's judges and a pilot survey with 68 mothers of a maternity hospital of a university hospital in southeastern Brazil.

Results:

The evaluation with judges showed that the items of the scale are accurate on the theoretical concept, semantic adequation, and pertinence. From 58 items on the scale, 33 had a Content Validity Index greater than or equal to 0.80. The pilot survey allowed us to evaluate the items in the social and cultural context of the target population. In the end, the scale remained with 30 items.

Conclusion and implication for the practice:

The validation with the judges showed that the items of the Interactive Breastfeeding Scale are accurate to the theoretical concept regarding semantics and relevance and proved to be a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate the factors that interfere in mother-child interaction during breastfeeding.

Keywords:
Breastfeeding; Validation studies; Psychometry; Maternal-child nursing

Concept	Questions	CVI
Woman's Perception	1. I feel satisfaction when my baby is satiated after breastfeeding.	0.97
	2. My baby is calm and relaxed after breastfeeding.	0.90
	3. I talk, touch and look at my baby while breastfeeding.	0.85
	4. I believe breast milk supports the baby.	0.85
	5. I know the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the child.	0.82
	6. I can stay relaxed and comfortable to breastfeed.	0.80
	7. I believe that the use of pacifiers impairs/hinders breastfeeding.	0.80
	8. I have positive experiences with breastfeeding.	0.8
	9. I believe that my diet influences my milk.	0.77
	10. I know the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of women.	0.77
	11. I correctly put my baby in the breast.	0.75
	12. I am able to explain the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the child.	0.75
	13. I am able to explain the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of women.	0.72
	14. I believe that the use of nursing bottles impairs/hinders breastfeeding.	0.72
	15. I believe it is difficult to continue breastfeeding after returning to work/study.	0.72
	16. I am able to position my baby correctly in the breast.	0.70
	17. I can properly hold my baby to breastfeed.	0.67
	18. I can hold my baby with the head facing the breast and the body next to me.	0.67
	19. I believe that breastfeeding takes a lot of time from my day.	0.67
	20. I believe that the size of the breasts and nipples hinders breastfeeding.	0.60
Child's Perception	21. My baby spontaneously unholds my breast when sated.	0.95
	22. My baby is relaxed after breastfeeding.	0.95
	23. I know when my baby is hungry.	0.92
	24. My baby is calm after breastfeeding.	0.92
	25. My baby stays awake and relaxed during breastfeeding.	0.90
	26. My baby gets angry and cries while breastfeeding.	0.60
Woman’s Biological Conditions	27. I believe that breastfeeding the baby right after delivery helps in breastfeeding.	0.87
	28. I can produce enough milk to breastfeed my baby.	0.85
	29. I feel pain when breastfeeding.	0.80
	30. I believe breast surgery interferes with breastfeeding.	0.62
Child’s Biological Conditions	31. My baby sucks my breast properly.	0.82
	32. My baby keeps constantly holding the breast.	0.82
	33. My baby unholds the breast often.	0.80
Woman's Body Image	34. I believe breastfeeding helps me lose weight.	0.85
	35. I think breastfeeding makes my breasts flaccid and sag.	0.72
	36. I think bigger breasts produce more milk.	0.60
	37. I can breastfeed comfortably in the presence of men.	0.55
Space for Breastfeeding	38. I feel comfortable breastfeeding in the presence of other women.	0.82
	39. I cover my breast when breastfeeding in public places.	0.80
	40. I feel comfortable breastfeeding in public places.	0.72
	41. I am embarrassed to breastfeed in public places.	0.67
	42. I prefer to milk me and offer it in the nursing bottle when I'm away from home.	0.50
Mother's Role	43. I breastfeed because it is the best for my baby.	0.97
	44. I enjoy breastfeeding.	0.9
	45. I breastfeed because I feel pleasure.	0.87
	46. I have a duty to breastfeed my baby.	0.77
	47. I feel obligated to breastfeed.	0.57
Organizational Systems for the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding	48. I have the support of my family to breastfeed.	0.9
	49. I need professional support to breastfeed.	0.9
	50. I have support from my partner to breastfeed.	0.87
	51. I know the laws that support breastfeeding.	0.75
	52. I think my community supports breastfeeding.	0.7
	53. I use some social support network for breastfeeding.	0.7
Family and social authority	54. I change my opinion according to the guidance of health professionals.	0.85
Family and social authority	55. I feel influenced by my family to decide on breastfeeding.	0.82
Woman's Decision Making	56. I wish to breastfeed.	0.95
	57. I believe that having a positive experience influences my decision to breastfeed.	0.92
	58. I think knowing the advantages of breastfeeding helps in the decision to breastfeed.	0.92

Concept	Questions
Woman's Perception	1. I talk and look at my baby while breastfeeding.
	2. I can stay relaxed and comfortable to breastfeed.
	3. I believe that the use of pacifier and nursing bottle harms breastfeeding.
	4. I believe breast milk supports the baby.
	5. I know the benefits of breastfeeding.
Child's Perception	6. My baby stays awake and relaxed during breastfeeding.
	7. My baby spontaneously unholds my breast when sated.
	8. I know when my baby is hungry.
	9. My baby is calm and relaxed after breastfeeding.
Woman’s Biological Conditions	10. I feel pain when breastfeeding.
	11. I can produce enough milk to breastfeed my baby.
	12. I believe that breast surgery interferes with breastfeeding.
Child’s Biological Conditions	13. My baby sucks my breast properly.
	14. My baby keeps constantly holding the breast.
	15. My baby has difficulty latching my breast.
Woman's Body Image	16. I think breastfeeding makes my breasts flaccid and sag.
Woman's Body Image	17. I feel unattractive during the breastfeeding period.
Space for Breastfeeding	18. I feel comfortable breastfeeding in public places.
Space for Breastfeeding	19. I cover my breast when breastfeeding in public places.
Mother's Role	20. I feel obligated to breastfeed
	21. I enjoy breastfeeding.
	22. I breastfeed because it is the best for my baby.
Organizational Systems for the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding	23. I have the support of my family/partner to breastfeed.
	24. I have professional support for breastfeeding.
Family and social authority	25. I change my opinion according to the guidance of health professionals.
	26. I feel influenced by my family to decide on breastfeeding.
	27. I feel influenced by my friends to decide on breastfeeding.
Woman's Decision Making	28. I wish to breastfeed.
	29. I believe that having a positive experience influences my decision to breastfeed.
	30. I think knowing the advantages of breastfeeding helps in the decision to breastfeed.

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[1] Corresponding author: Cândida Caniçali Primo E-mail: candidaprimo@gmail.com