Influence of socio-economic conditions and maternal knowledge in self-effectiveness for prevention of childhood diarrhea

Oliveira, Rhaiany Kelly Lopes de; Oliveira, Brena Shellem Bessa de; Bezerra, Jallyne Colares; Silva, Maria Jocelane Nascimento da; Melo, Francisca Mayra de Sousa; Joventino, Emanuella Silva

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2016-0361

Brasil

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 21 (4) • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2016-0361 linkcopy

Influence of socio-economic conditions and maternal knowledge in self-effectiveness for prevention of childhood diarrhea

Influencia de condiciones socioeconómicas y conocimientos maternos en la auto-eficacia para prevención de la diarrea infantil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective: To verify the association among socioeconomic conditions, maternal behaviors and knowledge with their self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea.

Method: Analytical, quantitative study. Interviews were conducted with 238 mothers of children under five admitted into a hospital from January to April 2016. Were collected Sociodemographic data, maternal knowledge on prevention and management of childhood diarrhea, and application of the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale for Childhood Diarrhea.

Results: Association between socioeconomic and maternal self-efficacy variables: family income (p = 0.049), child age (p = 0.010), house type (p = 0.042), garbage destination (p = 0.037), sewage (p = 0.016) and sanitary type (p = 0.006). Regarding knowledge about causes of diarrhea: warmth/heat (p = 0.021); dentition (p = 0.030). Association between self-efficacy and preventive behaviors: home hygiene (p = 0.023); breastfeeding practice (p = 0.028).

Conclusion: Socioeconomic conditions and knowledge presented by mothers can influence the level of maternal self-efficacy for the prevention of childhood diarrhea.

Keywords: Childhood diarrhea; Self-efficacy; Knowledge; Child Health; Nursing

Variables	Scores of maternal self-efficacy				p
	Below median (≤ 113)		Equal to or greater than median (≥ 114)
	N	%	N	%
Age Group of the Mother (N = 238)
≤ 19 years	32	13.4	28	11.7	0.563^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
20-34 years	74	31.1	80	33.6
≥ 35 years	14	5.9	10	4.2
Mother's years of study (N = 238)
≤ 4	04	36.4	07	63.6
5-8	27	55.1	22	44.9	0.497^b b Linear association by linear;
9-12	69	52.3	63	47.7
≥ 13	20	43.5	26	56.5
Marital Status of the Mother (N = 238)
Without partner	37	54.4	31	45.6	0.486^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
With partner	83	49.4	85	50.6
Occupation (N = 238)
Housewife	54	55.1	44	44.9	0.203^b b Linear association by linear;
Farmer	43	51.8	40	48.2
Others	19	39.6	29	60.4
No. of people in the house (N = 238)
2-3	34	47.2	38	52.8	0.389^c c Test of likelihood ratio.
4-5	51	50.0	51	50.0
≥ 6	35	54.7	29	45.3
Family income (MW)^* * Minimum wage prevailing during the study: R$ 880; (N = 238)
0 – ¼	24	51.1	23	48.9	0.049^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
¼ MW – ½	23	50.0	23	50.0
½ MW – 1	35	40.7	51	59.3
≥ 1	38	64.4	21	35.6
Number of children (N = 238)
1	53	46.5	61	53.5	0.072^b b Linear association by linear;
2	32	47.3	35	52.2
≥ 3	34	60.7	22	39.3
Age of the child (N = 238)
≤ 11 months	70	44.6	87	55.4	0.010^b b Linear association by linear;
12 - 35 months	25	58.1	18	41.9
≥ 36 months	25	65.8	13	34.3
House type (N = 238)
Brick with plaster	102	48.1	110	51.9	0.042^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Others	18	69.2	08	30.8
Floor type (N = 238)
Ceramics	44	48.4	47	51.6	0.616^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Others	76	51.7	71	48.3
Waste destination (N = 238)
Public collection	79	46.2	92	53.8	0.037^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Others	41	61.2	26	38.8
Sewage type (N = 238)
Sewer public line	12	35.1	22	64.7	0.016^b b Linear association by linear;
Septic tank	93	50.8	90	49.2
Others	15	71.4	06	28.6
Type of toilet (N = 233)
With flush	68	43.9	87	56.1	0.006^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
No flush	49	62.8	29	37.2
Water supply (N = 238)
Public line	88	49.4	90	50.6	0.602^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Others	32	53.3	28	46.7

Variables	Scores of maternal self-efficacy				p
	Below median (≤ 113)		Equal to or greater than median (≥ 114)
	N	%	N	%
Treated water (N = 238)
Yes	24	51.1	23	48.9	0.202^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
No	38	63.3	22	36.7
Type of treatment (N = 238)
Boil	01	25.0	03	75.0	0.471^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Filters	08	38.1	13	61.9	0.653^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Hypochlorite	06	60.0	04	40.0	0.244^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Leaching	10	58.8	07	41.2	0.144^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Exclusive breastfeeding (N = 238)
Yes	119	50.4	117	49.6	0.990^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
No	01	50.0	01	50.0
Time of breastfeeding (N = 238)
≤ 4 months	94	50.3	93	49.7	0.806^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
5 months	03	42.9	04	57.1
6 months	15	48.4	16	51.6
> 6 months	07	63.6	04	36.4
Use of the bottle (N = 231)
Yes	27	48.2	29	51.8	0.787^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
No	88	50.3	87	49.7
Bottle hygiene (N = 58)
With water	01	33.3	02	66.7	0.595^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Water and soap	23	57.5	17	42.5	0.037^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Sterilizing the tip of the bottle	16	47.1	18	52.9	0.825^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Sterilizing the tip and bottle	16	40.0	24	60.0	0.058^b b Linear association by linear.
Hand washing (N = 238)
Running water and soap	96	47.5	106	52.5	0.057^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
Standing water and soap	21	65.6	11	34.4
Sterilizing utensils (N = 238)
Yes	93	46.5	107	53.5	0.019^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
No	22	68.8	10	31.2
Acute or chronic diarrhea (N = 238)
≤ 13	39	53.4	34	46.6	0.360^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
≥ 14	05	71.4	02	28.6
Admission in the first month of life (N = 238)
Yes	19	70.4	08	29.6	0.028^a a Qui-Square of Pearson;
No	101	47.9	110	52.1

Variables	Scores of maternal self-efficacy				p
	Below median (≤ 113)		Equal to or greater than median (≥ 114)
	N	%	N	%
Maternal conduct regarding feeding during diarrhea (N = 238)
Suspend normal feeding	36	51.4	34	48.6	0.290^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Offers the same feeding	08	72.7	03	27.3
Improves nutrition and hydration	76	48.4	81	51.6
Beliefs of risks/causes of diarrhea (N = 238)
Undercooked food	108	49.3	111	50.7	0.247^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Contaminated water	119	50.6	116	49.4	0.551^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Fatty food	113	49.3	116	50.7	0.094^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Heat/Warm	82	46.1	96	53.9	0.021^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Dentition	109	48.7	115	51.3	0.030^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Hands/Objects in the mouth	108	49.8	109	50.2	0.519^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Early weaning	70	47.9	76	52.1	0.336^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Scare or evil eye	96	50.5	94	49.5	0.948^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Flu	108	49.1	112	50.9	0.152^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Medicines	84	49.4	86	50.6	0.623^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Verminosis	107	49.1	111	50.9	0.173^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Contaminated food	113	49.8	114	50.2	0.369^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Previous information on diarrhea prevention (N = 238)
Yes	14	38.9	22	61.1	0.133^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
No	106	52.5	96	47.5
Mother’s knowledge of actions for the prevention of diarrhea (N = 238)
Handwashing	19	40.4	28	59.6	0.126^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Dirty hands/objects in the mouth	12	50.0	12	50.0	0.965^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Boil the water	03	37.5	05	62.5	0.457^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Hygiene of utensils	26	44.8	32	55.2	0.327^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Hygiene of the house	11	32.4	23	67.6	0.023^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Food hygiene	30	42.3	41	57.7	0.100^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Not walking barefoot	10	62.5	06	37.5	0.317^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Offer quality food	35	53.0	31	47.0	0.618^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Not offering fatty food	12	63.2	07	36.8	0.247^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Cover the food	10	71.4	04	28.6	0.105^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Not offering contaminated water	06	50.0	06	50.0	0.976^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Cooking food well	08	50.0	08	50.0	0.972^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Offer filtered water	02	40.0	03	60.0	0.638^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Offer breastfeeding	05	26.3	14	73.7	0.028^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Not offering food leftovers	02	50.0	02	50.0	0.986^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Hydrating the children	02	28.6	05	71.4	0.241^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.
Sanitizing the bottle	02	50.0	02	50.0	0.986^a a Qui-Square of Pearson.

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[TFN1] ^*
Minimum wage prevailing during the study: R$ 880;

[TFN2] ^a
Qui-Square of Pearson;

[TFN3] ^b
Linear association by linear;

[TFN4] ^c
Test of likelihood ratio.