Prevalence and factors associated child neglect in a brazilian state

Pedroso, Márcia Regina de Oliveira; Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2022-0128en

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Sumário

RESEARCH • Esc. Anna. Nery 27 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2022-0128en copy

Prevalence and factors associated child neglect in a brazilian state

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To quantify the prevalence of neglect against the child and identify its associated factors, based on the cases reported in the state of Espírito Santo between 2011 and 2018.

Methods

Cross-sectional study with data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) with all reported cases of child neglect from 2011 to 2018 in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The characteristics of the victim, author, and aggression were studied, and the associations were analyzed by Poisson regression.

Results

The frequency of neglect was 31.3%, being more prevalent in males (PR: 1.48; 95%CI: 1.34-1.63); for the age group of zero to two years (PR: 3.05; 95%CI: 2.65-3.51); among female aggressors (PR: 16.20; 95%CI: 9.98-26.32), and regarding the bond to the victim, we note the highest prevalence of parents/stepfathers (PR: 6.69; 95%CI: 4.16-10.74), both parents (PR: 4.41; 95%CI: 2.84-6.85) and mothers/stepmothers (PR: 2.94; 95%CI: 2.20-3.93).

Conclusions and Implications for the practice

The magnitude of child neglect in Espírito Santo was significant, showing the need to advance in the understanding of this phenomenon and in the implementation of expanded intersectoral public policies aimed at ensuring adequate conditions for growth and development in childhood.

Keywords:
Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mandatory Reporting; Prevalence; Violence

Variables	n	%	95%CI
Sex
Male	523	54.0	50.9-57.2
Female	445	46.0	42.8-49.1
Age group
0 to 2 years	554	57.7	54.6-60.8
3 to 5 years	218	22.7	20.2-25.5
6 to 9 years	188	19.6	17.2-22.2
Ethnicity/Color
White	204	25.8	22.9-29.0
Black/Mixed race	587	74.2	71.0-77.2
Disabilities/Disorders
No	909	97.1	95.8-98.0
Yes	27	2.9	2.0-4.2
Area of residence
Urban/Periurban	857	91.7	89.7-93.3
Rural	78	8.3	6.7-10.3
Age group of the aggressor
0 to 19 years	33	9.5	6.8-13.1
20 years or more	315	90.5	86.9-93.2
Sex of the aggressor
Male	65	6.9	5.5-8.8
Female	475	50.7	47.5-53.9
Both	397	42.4	39.2-45.6
Bond to the victim
Father/Stepfather	61	6.6	5.1-8.4
Mother/Stepmother	442	47.5	44.3-50.8
Both parents	379	40.7	37.6-44.0
Acquaintance	48	5.2	3.9-6.8
Suspected use of alcohol
No	341	76.0	71.8-79.7
Yes	108	24.0	20.3-28.2
Number of involved
One	510	54.4	51.2-57.6
Two or more	427	45.6	42.4-48.8
Occurred in the residence
No	172	19.6	17.1-22.3
Yes	707	80.4	77.7-82.9
Shift of Occurrence
Morning/Afternoon	327	67.4	63.1-71.5
Night/Dawn	158	32.6	28.5-36.9
History of recurrence
No	208	46.5	41.9-51.2
Yes	239	53.5	48.8-58.1
Referral
No	211	22.0	19.5-24.7
Yes	750	78.0	75.3-80.6

Variables	n	%	95%CI	p-value
Sex
Male	523	39.1	36.5-41.7	<0.001
Female	445	25.4	23.4-27.5
Age group
0 to 2 years	554	52.1	49.1-55.1	<0.001
3 to 5 years	218	24.8	22.1-27.8
6 to 9 years	188	16.8	14.8-19.1
Ethnicity/Color
White	204	28.0	24.8-31.3	0.078
Black/Mixed race	587	31.5	29.4-33.6
Disabilities/Disorders
No	909	31.9	30.2-33.6	0.103
Yes	27	24.6	17.4-33.5
Area of residence
Urban/Periurban	857	31.2	29.5-33.0	0.714
Rural	78	30.1	24.8-36.0
Age group of the aggressor
0 to 19 years	33	10.2	7.3-14.0	<0.001
20 years or more	315	30.7	28.0-33.6
Sex of the aggressor
Male	65	4.4	3.5-5.6	<0.001
Female	475	61.6	58.1-65.0
Both	397	75.2	71.3-78.7
Bond to the victim
Father/Stepfather	61	9.8	7.7-12.5	<0.001
Mother/Stepmother	442	70.2	66.5-73.6
Both parents	379	79.5	75.6-82.9
Acquaintance	48	5.0	3.8-6.6
Suspected use of alcohol
No	341	31.0	28.3-33.8	0.547
Yes	108	32.7	27.9-38.0
Number of involved
One	510	25.2	23.4-27.2	<0.001
Two or more	427	57.4	53.8-60.9
Occurred in the residence
No	172	33.7	29.7-37.9	0.559
Yes	707	32.3	30.4-34.3
Shift of Occurrence
Morning/Afternoon	327	35.2	32.2-38.3	0.135
Night/Dawn	158	31.3	27.4-35.5
History of recurrence
No	208	26.1	23.1-29.2	0.291
Yes	239	23.9	21.4-26.7
Referral
No	211	58.6	53.4-63.6	<0.001
Yes	750	27.8	26.1-29.5

Variables	Crude analysis			Adjusted analysis
Variables	PR	95%CI	p-value	PR	95%CI	p-value
Sex
Male	1.54	1.39-1.71	<0.001	1.48	1.34-1.63	<0.001
Female	1.0			1.0
Age group
0 to 2 years	3.09	2.68-3.57	<0.001	3.05	2.65-3.51	<0.001
3 to 5 years	1.47	1.24-1.75		1.50	1.26-1.78
6 to 9 years	1.0			1.0
Ethnicity/Color
White	1.0		0.081	1.0		0.143
Black/Mixed race	1.13	0.99-1.29		1.10	0.97-1.24
Disabilities/Disorders
No	1.3	0.93-1.81	0.122	1.02	0.71-1.45	0.928
Yes	1.0			1.0
Age group of the aggressor
0 to 19 years	1.0		<0.001	1.0		0.931
20 years or more	3.02	2.16-4.23		0.99	0.83-1.19
Sex of the aggressor
Male	1.0		<0.001	1.0		<0.001
Female	14.03	10.99-17.91		16.20	9.98-26.32
Both	17.12	13.43-21.82		11.97	7.23-19.81
Bond to the victim
Father/Stepfather	1.95	1.36-2.81	<0.001	6.69	4.16-10.74	<0.001
Mother/Stepmother	13.93	10.52-18.44		2.94	2.20-3.93
Both parents	15.78	11.93-20.86		4.41	2.84-6.85
Acquaintance	1.0			1.0
Number of involved
One	1.0		<0.001	1.0		0.966
Two or more	2.28	2.07-2.51		0.99	0.69-1.42
Shift of Occurrence
Morning/Afternoon	1.13	0.96-1.32	0.139	1.08	0.98-1.20	0.137
Night/Dawn	1.0			1.0

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[1] Corresponding author: Márcia Regina de Oliveira Pedroso. E-mail: marcypedroso@gmail.com