TEMPORARY TEACHERS IN THE MUNICIPAL NETWORKS OF PARÁ STATE (2011-2020)

FELDMAN, ARIEL; GOUVEIA, ANDRÉA BARBOSA

doi:10.1590/0102-469838517T

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ARTICLE • Educ. rev. 38 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-469838517T copy

TEMPORARY TEACHERS IN THE MUNICIPAL NETWORKS OF PARÁ STATE (2011-2020)¹ 1 This study received funding from Public Notice no. 21/2018 of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), the National Program for Academic Cooperation in the Amazon (PROCAD/Amazônia), Aid No. 88887 200466/2018-00, and the article is the result of academic interlocution established through post-doctoral internship under this edict. ² 2 The translation of this article into English was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de M10" fntype="other" label="3">The study was conducted by manipulating microdata from the School Census (INEPa). However, to measure the aggregated national data, the School Census was used through the Educational Data Laboratory (INEPb).

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study sought to analyze the presence of temporary teachers in the municipal public networks of Pará State between 2011 and 2020. This study employed a quantitative approach of exploratory nature with documentary analysis as the data collection procedure. The data were analyzed based on five variables: population size of the municipalities, GDP per capita, financing capacity of the networks, percentage of enrollment in rural schools, and the relationship between the number of teachers of the networks and wage earners in the municipalities. We found a generalized picture of non-compliance with the legislation that remained stable between 2011 and 2020, as well as a heterogeneous scenario, with the municipalities showing enormous diversity concerning the presence of temporary workers in their networks.

Keywords:
Educational policy; Basic Education; teachers; temporary contracting; Pará

	2011		2020
% of temporary teachers in the network	No. of municipalities	% of municipalities	No. of municipalities	% of municipalities
Between 0 and 10%	10	7%	6	4%
Between 10 and 20%	21	15%	17	12%
Between 20 and 30%.	27	19%	33	23%
Between 30 and 40%	24	17%	30	21%
Between 40 and 50%	21	15%	22	15%
Between 50 and 60%	15	10%	17	12%
Between 60 and 70%	13	9%	15	10%
Between 70 and 80%	5	3%	1	1%
Between 80 and 90%	5	3%	3	2%
Between 90 and 100%	2	1%	0	0%
TOTAL	143	100%	144	100%

Measures	2011	2020
Mean	38%	37%
Standard Deviation	21%	18%
Minimum	1%	0%
Q₁	21%	24%
Median	36%	37%
Q₃	51%	50%
Maximum	94%	87%

Measures	%
Mean	1%
Standard Deviation	18%
Minimum	-48%
Q₁	-11%
Median	2%
Q₃	13%
Maximum	55%

	No. of municipalities	Population	Percent of population
Up to 20,000	43	518,010	6.8%
From 20 to 50 thousand	61	1,856,388	24.5%
From 50 to 100 thousand	30	2,002,499	26.4%
Above 100 thousand	9	1,810,755	23.9%
Metropolis (Belém)	1	1,393,399	18.4%
Total	144	7,581,051	100%

Year	Variables	Up to 20,000	From 20 to 50 thousand	From 50 to 100 thousand	Above 100 thousand	Belém
2011	Mean number of teachers in municipal networks	131	328	601	1327	2,186
	Standard Deviation	63	88	246	667
	Network with the lowest number of teachers	44	152	215	696
	Median	117	303	552	1,270
	Network with the largest number of teachers	308	637	1231	2,828
2020	Mean number of teachers in municipal networks	148	359	685	1565	1,960
	Standard Deviation	75	125	284	596
	Network with the lowest number of teachers	37	133	223	819
	Median	140	332	628	1582
	Network with the largest number of teachers	417	709	1,606	2,842

Year	% of temporary teachers in the networks	Up to 20,000	From 20 to 50 thousand	From 50 to 100 thousand	Above 100 thousand	Belém
2011	Mean	42%	39%	32%	40%	35%
	Standard Deviation	23%	21%	20%	21%
	Minimum	5%	1%	1%	16%
	Median	41%	36%	25%	39%
	Maximum	84%	94%	93%	74%
2020	Mean	39%	39%	35%	30%	24%
	Standard Deviation	21%	15%	19%	20%
	Minimum	1%	7%	0%	12%
	Median	38%	37%	32%	21%
	Maximum	85%	69%	87%	66%

Groups	2011		2018
Groups	GDP per capita range (BRL)	No. of municipalities	GDP per capita range (BRL)	No. of municipalities
1st quartile	3,370.46 to 4,640.98	33	5,408.39 to 7,985.91	34
2nd quartile	4,640.98 to 5,774.77	32	7,985.91 to 9,777.07	34
3rd quartile	5,774.77 to 7,927.55	33	9,777.07 to 15,112.345	34
4th quartile	7,927.545 to 14,281.23	33	15,112.345 to 27,618.27	33
Outliers	Above 14.281,23	12	Above 27.618,27	9
Total		143		144

Measures	1st quartile		2nd quartile		3rd quartile		4th quartile		Outliers above
Measures	2011	18/20	2011	18/20	2011	18/20	2011	18/20	2011	18/20
No. of municipalities	33	34	32	34	33	34	33	33	12	9
Average no. of teachers	310	311	374	468	394	443	421	497	755	767
Standard Deviation	283	214	309	412	198	317	532	580	605	617
Smallest network	61	75	56	70	66	66	44	37	193	205
Median	237	281	298	345	384	369	253	279	691	507
Largest network	1,318	1,044	1,522	1,634	871	1,417	2,828	2,842	2,186	1,953

Year	% of temporary teachers in the networks	1st quartile	2nd quartile	3rd quartile	4th quartile	Outliers above
2011	Mean	36%	41%	37%	40%	35%
	Standard Deviation	21%	20%	22%	22%	20%
	Minimum	24%	10%	5%	8%	1%
	Median	33%	36%	35%	39%	34%
	Maximum	94%	93%	87%	84%	62%
2018/2020	Mean	40%	37%	32%	39%	42%
	Standard Deviation	18%	16%	17%	20%	23%
	Minimum	3%	15%	0%	1%	12%
	Median	40%	37%	32%	37%	37%
	Maximum	69%	87%	66%	80%	85%

Measures	2011		2020
Measures	VAAT range (BRL)	No. of municipalities	VAAT range (BRL)	No. of municipalities
Outliers below	Under 1,411.13	4	Under 2,901.38	1
1st quartile	1,411.13 to 1,777.12	26	2,901.38 to 3,583.69	25
2nd quartile	1,772.12 to 1,924.18	25	3,583.69 to 3,839.10	25
3rd quartile	1,924.18 to 2,208.83	26	3,839.10 to 4,036.95	25
4th quartile	2,030.22 to 2,208.83	26	4,036.95 to 4,502.83	26
Outliers above	Above 2,208.83	1	Above 4,502.83	3
Total		108		105

Measures	Outliers below		1st quartile		2nd quartile		3rd quartile		4th quartile		Outliers above
Measures	2011	2020	2011	2020	2011	2020	2011	2020	2011	2020	2011	2020
No. of municipalities	4	1	26	25	25	25	26	25	26	26	1	3
Average no. of teachers	507	108	259	271	416	381	422	485	614	606	200	808
Standard Deviation	511	-	268	296	419	382	307	330	541	301		480
Smallest network	119	-	44	37	65	94	102	74	96	280		388
Median	338	-	162	205	321	259	298	382	511	570		706
Largest network	1,231	-	1,221	1,582	2,186	1,960	1,467	1,417	2,828	1,634		1,331

Year	% of temporary teachers in the networks	Outliers below	1st quartile	2nd quartile	3rd quartile	4th quartile	Outliers above
2011	Mean	36%	41%	36%	42%	42%	45%
	Standard Deviation	13%	24%	23%	25%	25%	-
	Minimum	23%	1%	5%	1%	1%	-
	Median	37%	37%	30%	36%	36%	-
	Maximum	48%	84%	93%	94%	94%	-
2020	Mean	34%	43%	36%	37%	36%	44%
	Standard Deviation	-	18%	20%	19%	19%	21%
	Minimum	-	3%	1%	0%	12%	25%
	Median	-	41%	37%	36%	30%	42%
	Maximum	-	85%	80%	87%	69%	66%

Groups	2011		2020
Groups	% enrollment in rural schools	No. of municipalities	% enrollment in rural schools	No. of municipalities
1st quartile	0 to 30	36	0 to 29	36
2nd quartile	30 to 49	35	29 to 47	36
3rd quartile	49 to 62	36	47 to 60	36
4th quartile	62 to 97	36	60 to 92	36
Total		143		144

Measures	1st quartile		2nd quartile		3rd quartile		4th quartile
Measures	2011	2020	2011	2020	2011	2020	2011	2020
No. of municipalities	36	36	35	36	36	36	36	36
Average no. of teachers	499	563	274	420	468	400	382	418
Standard Deviation	478	536	163	502	513	306	267	299
Smallest network	50	37	44	94	56	70	66	81
Median	297	319	267	280	317	359	311	372
Largest network	2,186	1,960	762	2,842	2,828	1,606	1,318	1.594

Year	% of temporary teachers in the networks	1st quartile	2nd quartile	3rd quartile	4th quartile
2011	Mean	35%	38%	42%	38%
	Standard Deviation	22%	23%	22%	19%
	Minimum	1%	1%	5%	5%
	Median	32%	35%	37%	38%
	Maximum	84%	87%	94%	84%
2020	Mean	33%	34%	41%	40%
	Standard Deviation	18%	16%	20%	17%
	Minimum	0%	7%	3%	3%
	Median	30%	32%	41%	42%
	Maximum	80%	74%	87%	85%

Groups	2011		2019/2020
Groups	Teacher/Wage Ratio Range (%)	No. of municipalities	Teacher/Wage Ratio Range (%)	No. of municipalities
1st quartile	From 1 to 11%	35	From 0 to 9%	35
2nd quartile	From 11 to 17	35	From 9 to 14%	34
3rd quartile	From 17 to 24%.	35	From 14 to 21	35
4th quartile	From 24 to 39%	35	From 21 to 41%	35
Outliers	Above 39	3	Above 41%	4
Total		143		143

Measures	1st quartile		2nd quartile		3rd quartile		4th quartile		Outliers above
Measures	2011	19/20	2011	19/20	2011	19/20	2011	19/20	2011	19/20
No. of municipalities	35	35	35	34	35	35	35	35	3	4
Average no. of teachers	593	632	307	378	328	307	404	444	342	491
Standard Deviation	597	651	254	274	313	165	253	368	151	62
Smallest network	61	37	44	75	56	70	85	81	221	418
Median	409	334	220	325	231	285	342	355	294	489
Largest network	2,828	2,842	1,109	1,115	1,522	666	1,318	1,606	511	568

Year	% of temporary teachers in the networks	1st quartile	2nd quartile	3rd quartile	4th quartile	Outliers above
2011	Mean	35%	37%	42%	38%	59%
	Standard Deviation	21%	20%	23%	21%	11%
	Minimum	1%	9%	5%	1%	48%
	Median	33%	35%	35%	37%	59%
	Maximum	83%	84%	93%	94%	71%
2019/2020	Mean	35%	33%	35%	44%	61%
	Standard Deviation	17%	18%	19%	17%	5%
	Minimum	0%	1%	3%	15%	58%
	Median	34%	30%	33%	43%	59%
	Maximum	69%	80%	87%	85%	69%

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