Early childhood education effect on children’s vocabulary

Hirata, Guilherme Issamu

doi:10.1590/0101-41615111gh

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Estudos Econômicos (São Paulo)

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Sumário

Artigo de Pesquisa • Estud. Econ. 51 (01) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-41615111gh copiar

Early childhood education effect on children’s vocabulary^♦ ♦ I’m grateful to João Batista Oliveira for the ideas and comments on the research design and earlier versions of this paper. This paper also benefited from comments from Marcos Nakaguma (its editor) and one anonymous referee. For financial support, I thank Instituto Alfa e Beto. I am thankful to the local authorities and principals from Petrolina (PE) for the cooperation and assistance provided during the project. I also wish to thank Walfrido Neto and Williana Melo for conducting the field work implementation. The author was responsible for the research design and supervision of data collection.

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Resumo

Este artigo analisa o efeito de um programa de Educação Infantil sobre o vocabulário das crianças. Usando dados de Petrolina de 2016, o artigo compara crianças que frequentavam escola com crianças fora da escola. Para lidar com o viés de seleção, informações coletadas junto aos pais são utilizadas para criar variáveis de controle associadas a características geralmente não observáveis e que são potencialmente correlacionadas com matrícula e desenvolvimento infantil. Os resultados mostram impactos positivos sobre vocabulário expressivo. Ademais, há evidência de que o programa é mais efetivo para crianças com menos exposição à leitura em casa.

Palavras-Chave:
Educação infantil; Vocabulário expressivo; Vocabulário receptivo; Desenvolvimento infantil

Variables	Intervention		Control		p-value
	Mean	s.d.	Mean	s.d.
Age (in months)	48.6	2.9	48.4	3.4	0.664
Boys (proportion)	0.470		0.518		0.537
Rural area (proportion)	0.229		0.229		1.000
Person assessed: mother (proportion)	0.783		0.855		0.229
Socioeconomic status	0.116	0.737	-0.118	0.736	0.042
Read ... to the child (proportion)
Neither books nor comics	0.193		0.241		0.454
Books or comics	0.373		0.422		0.529
Books and comics	0.434		0.337		0.204
Physical punishment
Never	0.398		0.361		0.634
Rarely or sometimes	0.325		0.217		0.117
Often, almost always, always	0.277		0.422		0.051
Parents’ involvement	-0.081	0.754	0.110	0.904	0.140
Parents’ responsiveness	-0.112	0.768	0.153	0.829	0.034
Parents’ efficacy	0.117	0.882	-0.131	0.872	0.071
Mother’s depression	0.140	0.852	-0.081	0.831	0.092
Household environment	0.271	0.855	-0.231	0.902	0.000
Receptive vocabulary (raw score)	11.07	5.83	8.27	7.06	0.006
Expressive vocabulary (raw score)	13.32	7.34	13.24	9.15	0.951
Observations	166		166

	Expressive Vocabulary		Receptive Vocabulary
	Full sample	Waiting list	Full sample	Waiting list
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
OLS no controls	0.432***	0.318	0.010	-0.094
	(0.155)	(0.252)	(0.158)	(0.243)
OLS with controls	0.379***	0.202	-0.070	-0.323
	(0.146)	(0.242)	(0.171)	(0.232)
IPW	0.407***	0.203	-0.112	-0.358*
	(0.142)	(0.216)	(0.166)	(0.200)
PS Matching	0.202*	0.113	-0.067	-0.339
	(0.119)	(0.301)	(0.171)	(0.269)
NN Matching	0.402***	0.241	-0.131	-0.219
	(0.148)	(0.282)	(0.184)	(0.238)
Observations	166	60	164	59

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	10^th	25^th	Median	75^th	90^th

Expressive Voc.	0.471***	0.658***	0.535**	0.478**	0.314
	(0.123)	(0.119)	(0.206)	(0.224)	(0.303)
Observations	166	166	166	166	166

Receptive Voc.	-0.014	-0.016	0.043	0.003	-0.222
	(0.100)	(0.112)	(0.144)	(0.291)	(0.530)
Observations	164	164	164	164	164

	Coef. (s.e.)		Coef. (s.e.)

Age	0.023	Read books or comics	-0.826**
	(0.040)		(0.343)
Boy	0.165	Read book and comics	-0.718*
	(0.291)		(0.390)
SES	-0.213	Parental involvement	0.242
	(0.190)		(0.157)
Rural	-0.304	Parental responsiveness	-0.160
	(0.343)		(0.177)
Household environment	0.053	Punishment: sometimes	-0.221
	(0.183)		(0.369)
Parental efficacy	0.038	Punishment: often	0.077
	(0.189)		(0.330)

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	Full sample				Waiting list
	Expressive		Receptive		Expressive		Receptive

Treated	0.432***	0.397***	0.010	-0.047	0.318	0.265	-0.094	-0.229
	(0.155)	(0.144)	(0.158)	(0.170)	(0.252)	(0.247)	(0.243)	(0.235)
Age		0.101***		0.084***		0.107**		0.086**
		(0.022)		(0.019)		(0.040)		(0.032)
Male		0.093		0.073		-0.031		-0.264
		(0.144)		(0.158)		(0.309)		(0.244)
SES		0.309***		0.244**		0.108		0.108
		(0.087)		(0.108)		(0.148)		(0.184)
Rural		-0.152		-0.032		-0.289		-0.282
		(0.189)		(0.173)		(0.282)		(0.306)
Mother assessed		0.128		0.110		0.434		0.555*
		(0.162)		(0.175)		(0.372)		(0.323)
Parent involvement		-0.120		-0.125		-0.161		0.004
		(0.092)		(0.092)		(0.215)		(0.167)
Parent responsiveness		-0.093		-0.070		0.124		-0.063
		(0.094)		(0.102)		(0.226)		(0.175)
Home environment		-0.080		-0.163		-0.243		-0.298
		(0.112)		(0.099)		(0.186)		(0.183)
Parent efficacy		-0.352***		-0.145		-0.064		-0.065
		(0.114)		(0.101)		(0.227)		(0.179)
Mother depression		0.025		0.096		0.160		0.254*
		(0.096)		(0.080)		(0.151)		(0.135)
Read books or comics		0.044		-0.067		0.093		0.034
		(0.186)		(0.242)		(0.603)		(0.448)
Read books and comics		-0.014		-0.064		-0.370		-0.491
		(0.205)		(0.239)		(0.626)		(0.448)
Punishment: sometimes		-0.074		0.050		0.040		0.176
		(0.181)		(0.220)		(0.308)		(0.312)
Punishment: often		-0.402**		-0.430***		-0.353		-0.152
		(0.162)		(0.154)		(0.311)		(0.249)
Constant	-0.212*	-4.881***	-0.007	-3.817***	-0.089	-4.975***	0.159	-3.665**
	(0.119)	(1.046)	(0.122)	(0.937)	(0.176)	(1.736)	(0.168)	(1.504)

Observations	166	166	164	164	60	60	59	59
R-squared	0.045	0.351	0.000	0.207	0.027	0.418	0.003	0.387

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[1] Editor Responsável:

Marcos Yamada Nakaguma