O espectador imparcial de Adam Smith e o observador ideal de John Rawls: Uma crítica à ética utilitarista

Abstract

John Rawls justifies the utilitarianism on the conception of ideal observer that is present on the theories of 18^TH century Scottish sentimentalists, particularly on the theories of David Hume and Adam Smith. As the thesis of utilitarianism is not so explicit and accessible on the views of both Scottish philosophers, we intend, in this paper, to confront the thesis of Smith´s impartial spectator and the critique of Rawls on the conception of ideal observer as the foundation of utilitarianism. We observe greater breadth to the impartial spectator in relation to the utilitarian ideal observer in moral choices.

Keywords
Adam Smith; John Rawls; Impartial spectator; Ideal observer