Diferença salarial e taxa de participação no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma análise a partir do sexo dos indivíduos^♦

Abstract

We investigate the relationship between the gender pay gap and male and female labor force participation rates in the Brazilian labor market. Using data from the PNADCs from 2012.I to 2018.IV, we estimate the effects of the gender pay gap on the participation rate of men and women, detailing the analysis by ethnic and income groups. Our results provide evidence in favor of the hypothesis that wage penalties against women reduce the female participation rate. Our estimates suggest that the elimination of the gender pay gap can generate an increase of 4.5 p.p. of female participation rate among richer women, and 3.2 p.p. for poorer women. We estimate increases of 3 pp in the joint participation rate of poorer couples and 4.1 pp for richer couples. For single people, we find modest increases in the participation rates of 0.6 p.p. and 0.3 p.p. for poor men and women, respectively, a 1 p.p. increase for rich women and a 0.4 decrease for rich men.

Keywords:
Labor force participation rate; Gender discrimination; Gender wage gap