This article aims at analyzing the role of the objects of learning in the propositions for innovation of primary schools during the 20th century, highlighting the changes in the composition of school subjects having in mind the objects that were introduced and marked out as relevant for school modernization and those that remained or were redefined in terms of their finality and uses. The examination of three significant moments of the implementation of innovations in the elementary school is intended: the modernization by the intuitive method at the turn of the century; the propositions of "Escola Nova" between the 1930s and the 1950s; and the renovation represented by educational technology in the 1960s and 1970s.
school material culture; school objects; renovation of primary school education; history of education; primary school education
