Evaluation of the adsorption potential of iron mining tailing and its effect on <i>raphanus sativus</i> germination

Martins, Ricardo da Silva Antunes; Silva, Matheus Rodrigues Moraes da; Lourenço, Marco Antonio dos Santos; Kasemodel, Mariana Consiglio

doi:10.1590/S1413-415220230150

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Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental

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Scientific Paper • Eng. Sanit. Ambient. 29 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-415220230150 copy

Evaluation of the adsorption potential of iron mining tailing and its effect on raphanus sativus germination

Avaliação do potencial de adsorção de rejeitos de mineração de ferro e seu efeito na germinação de raphanus sativus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and adsorptive characterization of Fe tailing collected in the district of Brumadinho; and verify its effect on Raphanus sativus germination. The material was collected on the surface layer (0-20 cm) and disintegrated for pH, redox potential – Eh, electrical conductivity – EC, OM, cation exchange capacity – CEC, specific surface area – SSA and functional groups characterization. Adsorption studies were conducted using methylene blue (MB). The results of the adsorption studies were analyzed using kinetic models (Elovich, pseudo-first order – PFO and pseudo-second order – PSO) and isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips). The tailing has an acidic pH (5.60), negative ΔpH (-0.30) and low CEC (1.85 cmol_c g^-1). A high MB adsorption efficiency (96%) was verified. The Elovich model (0.9248<R²<0.9858) best represented the chemical kinetics, and the Freundlich model best describes the MB adsorption process in the tailing (R² = 0.9609). The maximum adsorption capacity (q_m) was equal to 15.08 mg g^-1. The presence of Fe tailing positively influenced the germination of R. sativus seeds (73.8%), but stem and root growth were inferior when compared to seedlings cultivated in compost substrate. It is concluded that the material has favorable cationic adsorption capacity, which can benefit soil fertilization. However, R. sativus development was minor in Fe tailing substrate, probably due to low CEC, OM and nutrient availability.

Keywords:
chemical kinetics; adsorption isotherms; methylene blue; B1 dam; plant development; radish

Assay	Description	Reference
pH, Eh	Distilled water and tailing solution (1:2.5) were kept under constant stirring for 5 min and rested for 60 min until pH (precision ± 0.01) and Eh (precision ± 2 mV) determination using pHmeter from Bel Engineering	Embrapa (2017)EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Manual de métodos de análises de solo. 2017. Disponível em: https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1085209/manual-de-metodos-de-analise-de-solo. Acesso em: 15 set. 2023. https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicac...
EC	Distilled water and tailing solution (1:1) were kept under constant stirring for 5 min and rested for 60 min until EC (precision ± 1%) determination with a conductivity meter from Bel Engineering	*Camargo et al.* (2009)**CAMARGO, Otávio Antonio de; MONIZ, Antonio Carlos; JORGE, José Antonio; VALADARES, José Maria Aires da Silva. Métodos de Análise Química, Mineralógica e Física de Solos do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. Campinas: Instituto Agronômico, 2009. 77 p. Disponível em: https://www.iac.sp.gov.br/produtoseservicos/analisedosolo/docs/Boletim_Tecnico_106_rev_atual_2009.pdf. Acesso em: 15 set. 2023. https://www.iac.sp.gov.br/produtoseservi...
OM	Hydrogem peroxide reaction	Eusterhues, Rumpel, and Kögel-Knabner (2005)EUSTERHUES, Karin; RUMPEL, Cornelia; KÖGEL-KNABNER, Ingrid. Stabilization of soil organic matter isolated via oxidative degradation. Organic Geochemistry, v. 36, n. 11, p. 1567-1575, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.06.010 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.200...
CEC, SS	Methylene blue adsorption test	Arab, Araújo, and Pejon (2015)ARAB, Paola Bruno; ARAÚJO, Thiago Peixoto; PEJON, Osni José. Identification of clay minerals in mixtures subjected to differential thermal and thermogravimetry analyses and methylene blue adsorption tests. Applied Clay Science, v. 114, p. 133-140, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.05.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.05.0...
Functional groups	Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) was performed with a Shimadzu IRP Pretige-41 spectrophotometer. The sample was mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) to form pellets and subsequently subjected to analysis. The spectrum was performed in the range from 400 to 4000 cm⁻¹	*Silverstein et al.* (2014)**SILVERSTEIN, Robert M.; WEBSTER, Francis X.; KIEMLE, David J.; BRYCE, David L. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.

Parameters	Value (n = 3)
pH_H2O	5.60 ± 0.00
pH_KCl	5.30 ± 0.00
ΔpH	-0.3 ± 0.00
Eh [mV]	+91.50 ± 0.71
EC [μS cm^-1]	374.50 ± 45.96
OM [mg g^-1]	0.02 ± 0.00
CEC [cmol_c kg^-1]	1.85 ± 0.04
SS [m² g^-1]	14.45 ± 0.28

Model	Parameters	Mass
Model	Parameters	0.50g	1.00g	2.00g	4.00g
PFO	q_e (mg g^-1)	10.02 ± 0.37	7.87 ± 0. 24	5.48 ± 0.23	2.45 ± 0.14
	k_p1 (min^-1)	1.42 ± 0.71	1.50 ± 0.63	0.25 ± 0.04	1.78 ± 0.77
	R²	0.2747	0.3264	0.8240	0.2398
	R_adj²	0.1297	0.1917	0.7889	0.0878
PSO	q_e (mg g^-1)	10.26 ± 0.34	8.02 ± 0.22	5.66 ± 0.18	2.59 ± 0.15
	k_p2 (g mg^-1 min^-1)	0.19 ± 0.11	0.29 ± 0.15	0.08 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.64
	R²	0.5078	0.5552	0.9083	0.4662
	R_adj²	0.4093	0.4663	0.8900	0.3594
Elovich	a (mg g^-1 min^-1)	3919.23	16449.41	167.28	3221.46
	b (g mg^-1)	5.00 ± 0.50	1.89 ± 0.09	1.77 ± 0.16	4.99 ± 0.50
	R²	0.9374	0.9599	0.9882	0.9527
	R²_ajd	0.9248	0.9519	0.9858	0.9432

Model	Parameter	Value
Langmuir	q_m (mg g^-1)	15.08 ± 2.15
	K_L (L g^-1)	0.15 ± 0.07
	R²	0.8784
Freundlich	K_F (mg g^-1)	3.08 ± 0.47
	n	0.42 ± 0.05
	R²	0.9609
Temkin	b (J mol^-1)	2.78 ± 0.40
	K_T (L g^-1)	2.22 ± 0.97
	R²	0.9072

Adsorbent	q_m (mg g-¹)	Reference
Fe mining tailing	15.08	This study
Tin Mining Tailings Geopolymer	30.31	*Fatimah et al. (2023)*FATIMAH, Is; CITRADEWI, Putwi Widya; IQBAL, Rendy Muhamad; GHAZALI, Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd; YAHYA, Amri; PURWIANDONO, Gani. Geopolymer from tin mining tailings waste using Salacca leaves ash as activator for dyes and peat water adsorption. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, v. 43, p. 257-265, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.11.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.11....
Nanoscale zero-valent iron produced from Fe mining waste	163.93	*Han et al. (2023)*HAN, Xiaoyu; ZHAO, Yan; ZHAO, Fei; WANG, Fei; TIAN, Guangyan; LIANG, Jinsheng. Novel synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron from iron ore tailings and green tea for the removal of methylene blue. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, v. 656, Part A, 130412, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130412 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022....
Fe mining tailing	4.42	*Almeida et al. (2018)*ALMEIDA, Cristiane Aparecida; OLIVEIRA, André Fernando de; PACHECO, Anderson Almeida; LOPES, Renata Pereira; NEVES, Antônio Augusto; QUEIROZ, Maria Eliana Lopes Ribeiro de. Characterization and evaluation of sorption potential of the iron mine waste after Samarco dam disaster in Doce River basin – Brazil. Chemosphere, v. 209, p. 411-420, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.071 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.20...

Parameter	Compost	Fe tailing
Number of seed germinations in 10 days	30	59
Percentage of seed germination in 10 days (%)	37.5	73.8
Stem medium length (cm)	4.64 ± 1.89	2.18 ± 0.55
Root medium length (cm)	4.25 ± 2.54	1.03 ± 0.75
Mass (g)	4.15	3.21

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[1] * Corresponding author: mariana.kasemodel@usp.br