The potential of the slow sand filtration as technological option for drinking-water treatment in developing countries and its capacity of contaminants removal, mainly pathogens, are recognized.However, the knowledge concerning the predominant mechanisms that act in microorganism's removal still remains incomplete. Aiming to advance in the understanding of these themes, an experimental investigation was carried out, working with pilot plants of downflow and upflow slow sand filters, operated with synthetic water and two filtration rates (3 and 6 m³/m².d). The microorganisms indicators removal was evaluated in five layers, with 0.15 m of thickness each, in two run phases. The biological maturation of the filter media was less favoured by the highest rate and by the upflow filter. The initial 0.45 m of the filter media were important in the microorganism's removal in the conditions evaluated, but removal was not limited to these layers, since all indicators were retained also in 0.45-0.60 m and 0.60-0.75 m layers, in different proportions among the filter runs.The schmutzdecke seems to play an effective role in the microbiological indicators removal only when well developed. an indication of the role of the support layer in solids and microorganisms retention was observed in the upflow filter.
Slow sand filter; schmutzdecke; Clostridium perfringens; endospores; Bacillus subtilis; turbidity
