B1—Heterogeneous composition (mixture) of waste that hinders reuse/recovery |
(Cerda et al., 2018CERDA, Alejandra; ARTOLA, Adriana; FONT, Xavier; BARRENA, Raquel; GEA, Teresa; SÁNCHEZ, Antoni. Composting of food wastes: Status and challenges. Bioresource Technology, v. 248, part A, p. 57-67, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.133 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017....
; Gonçalves et al., 2018GONÇALVES, Andriani Tavares Tenorio; MORAES, Fávia Tuane Ferreira; MARQUES, Guilherme Lima; LIMA, Josiane Pereira; LIMA, Renato da Silva. Urban solid waste challenges in the BRICS countries: a systematic literature review. Ambiente e Água, v. 13, n. 2, p. 1, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2157 https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2157...
; Behrooznia; Sharifi; Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, 2020BEHROOZNIA, Leyla; SHARIFI, Mohammad; HOSSEINZADEH-BANDBAFHA, Homa. Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of two scenarios for managing an organic fraction of municipal solid waste in Rasht-Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 268, 122217, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122217 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.1...
; Xiao et al., 2020XIAO, Shijiang; DONG, Huijuan; GENG, Yong; FRANCISCO, Medel-Jimenez; PAN, Hengyu; WU, Fei. An overview of the municipal solid waste management modes and innovations in Shanghai, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 27, n. 24, p. 29943-29953, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09398-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09398...
; Dell’Orto; Trois, 2022DELL’ORTO, Andrea; TROIS, Cristina. Considerations on bio-hydrogen production from organic waste in South African municipalities: A review. South African Journal of Science, v. 118, spe. i., 2022. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12652 https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12652...
) |
B2—Difficulty in separating waste to obtain good quality reuse mass |
(Lohri et al., 2017LOHRI, Christian Riuji; DIENER, Stefan; ZABALETA, Imanol; MERTENAT, Adeline; ZURBRÜGG, Christian. Treatment technologies for urban solid biowaste to create value products: a review with focus on low- and middle-income settings. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, v. 16, n. 1, p. 81-130, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-017-9422-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-017-9422-...
; Wei et al., 2017WEI, Yunmei; LI, Jingyuan; SHI, Dezhi; LIU, Guotao; ZHAO, Youcai; SHIMAOKA, Takauki. Environmental challenges impeding the composting of biodegradable municipal solid waste: A critical review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, v. 122, p. 51-65, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.024 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017...
; Pour; Webley; Cook, 2018POUR, Nasim; WEBLEY, Paul A.; COOK, Peter J. Potential for using municipal solid waste as a resource for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 68, p. 1-15, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.11.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.11....
; Perteghella et al., 2020PERTEGHELLA, Andrea; GILIOLI, Gianni; TUDOR, Terry; VACCARI, Mentore. Utilizing an integrated assessment scheme for sustainable waste management in low and middle-income countries: Case studies from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Mozambique. Waste Management, v. 113, p. 176-185, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.051 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05...
; Xiao et al., 2020XIAO, Shijiang; DONG, Huijuan; GENG, Yong; FRANCISCO, Medel-Jimenez; PAN, Hengyu; WU, Fei. An overview of the municipal solid waste management modes and innovations in Shanghai, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 27, n. 24, p. 29943-29953, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09398-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09398...
; Daskal et al., 2022DASKAL, Shira; ASI, Omar; SABBAH, Isam; AYALON, Ofira; BARANSI-KARKABY, Katie. Decentralized Composting Analysis Model—Benefit/Cost Decision-Making Methodology. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 24, p. 16397, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416397 https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416397...
) |
B3—Aversion to the recovery of organic waste |
(Pan et al., 2015PAN, Shu-Yuan; DU, Michael Alex; HUANG, I-Te; LIU, I-Hung; CHANG, E.-E.; CHIANG, Pen-Chi. Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for circular economy system: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 108, part A, p. 409-421, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.0...
; Pour; Webley; Cook, 2018POUR, Nasim; WEBLEY, Paul A.; COOK, Peter J. Potential for using municipal solid waste as a resource for bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 68, p. 1-15, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.11.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.11....
; Naz et al., 2020NAZ, Tahira; NAZIR, Yusuf; FAZILI, Abu Bakr Ahmad; MUSTAFA, Kiren; BAI, Xueyuan; SONG, Yuanda. Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Sustainable Biofuels: Major Challenges and Bioprocessing Technologies. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, v. 16, n. 4, p. 602-621, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2020.602.621 https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2020.602....
; Daskal et al., 2022DASKAL, Shira; ASI, Omar; SABBAH, Isam; AYALON, Ofira; BARANSI-KARKABY, Katie. Decentralized Composting Analysis Model—Benefit/Cost Decision-Making Methodology. Sustainability, v. 14, n. 24, p. 16397, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416397 https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416397...
; Carmen-Niño et al., 2023CARMEN-NIÑO, Viridiana del; HERRERA-NAVARRETE, Ricardo; JUÁREZ-LÓPEZ, Ana Laura; SAMPEDRO-ROSAS, Maria Laura; REYES-UMAÑA, Maximino. Municipal Solid Waste Collection: Challenges, Strategies and Perspectives in the Optimization of a Municipal Route in a Southern Mexican Town. Sustainability, v. 15, n. 2, p. 1083, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021083 https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021083...
) |
B4—Social acceptance for the recovery of organic waste |
(Pan et al., 2015PAN, Shu-Yuan; DU, Michael Alex; HUANG, I-Te; LIU, I-Hung; CHANG, E.-E.; CHIANG, Pen-Chi. Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for circular economy system: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 108, part A, p. 409-421, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.0...
; Uddin et al., 2021UDDIN, Md Nassir; SIDDIKI, Sk. Yasir A.; MOFIJUR, M.; DJAVANROODI, F.; HAZRAT, M. A.; SHOW, Pau Loke; AHMED, S. F.; CHU, Yu-Ming. Prospects of Bioenergy Production From Organic Waste Using Anaerobic Digestion Technology: A Mini Review. Frontiers in Energy Research, v. 9, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.627093 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.62709...
) |
B5—Understanding of biological processes for waste recovery |
(Lohri et al., 2017LOHRI, Christian Riuji; DIENER, Stefan; ZABALETA, Imanol; MERTENAT, Adeline; ZURBRÜGG, Christian. Treatment technologies for urban solid biowaste to create value products: a review with focus on low- and middle-income settings. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, v. 16, n. 1, p. 81-130, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-017-9422-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-017-9422-...
; Naz et al., 2020NAZ, Tahira; NAZIR, Yusuf; FAZILI, Abu Bakr Ahmad; MUSTAFA, Kiren; BAI, Xueyuan; SONG, Yuanda. Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Sustainable Biofuels: Major Challenges and Bioprocessing Technologies. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, v. 16, n. 4, p. 602-621, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2020.602.621 https://doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2020.602....
) |
B6—Limited technical knowledge of waste identification and separation |
(Laner et al., 2015LANER, David; RECHBERGER, Helmut; DE SOETE, Wouter; DE MEESTER, Steven; ASTRUP, Thomas F. Resource recovery from residual household waste: An application of exergy flow analysis and exergetic life cycle assessment. Waste Management, v. 46, p. 653-667, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09...
; Pan et al., 2015PAN, Shu-Yuan; DU, Michael Alex; HUANG, I-Te; LIU, I-Hung; CHANG, E.-E.; CHIANG, Pen-Chi. Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for circular economy system: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 108, part A, p. 409-421, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.0...
; Shen et al., 2015SHEN, Yanwen; LINVILLE, Jessica L.; URGUN-DEMIRTAS, Meltem; MINTZ, Marianne M.; SNYDER, Seth W. An overview of biogas production and utilization at full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States: Challenges and opportunities towards energy-neutral WWTPs. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 50, p. 346-362, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.129 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.1...
; Gonçalves et al., 2018GONÇALVES, Andriani Tavares Tenorio; MORAES, Fávia Tuane Ferreira; MARQUES, Guilherme Lima; LIMA, Josiane Pereira; LIMA, Renato da Silva. Urban solid waste challenges in the BRICS countries: a systematic literature review. Ambiente e Água, v. 13, n. 2, p. 1, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2157 https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2157...
; Kazuva; Zhang, 2019KAZUVA, Emmanuel; ZHANG, Jiquan. Analyzing Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Scenarios in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities in Developing Countries: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 16, n. 11, p. 2035, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112035 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112035...
; Lunag et al., 2021LUNAG, Marcelino; ELAURIA, Jessie; BURGUILLOS, Juanito. Community-based bin design approach: an initial stage toward urban composting at a hill station, Philippines. Environment, Development and Sustainability, v. 23, n. 3, p. 3832-3852, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00746-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00746...
; Carmen-Niño et al., 2023CARMEN-NIÑO, Viridiana del; HERRERA-NAVARRETE, Ricardo; JUÁREZ-LÓPEZ, Ana Laura; SAMPEDRO-ROSAS, Maria Laura; REYES-UMAÑA, Maximino. Municipal Solid Waste Collection: Challenges, Strategies and Perspectives in the Optimization of a Municipal Route in a Southern Mexican Town. Sustainability, v. 15, n. 2, p. 1083, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021083 https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021083...
) |
B7—Lack of measures to incentivize waste recovery by stakeholders |
(Siqueira; Assad, 2015SIQUEIRA, Thais Menina Oliveira de; ASSAD, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes. Composting of municipal solid waste in the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Ambiente & Sociedade, v. 18, n. 4, p. 243-264, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC1243V1842015 https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422ASOC124...
; Hettiarachchi; Meegoda; Ryu, 2018HETTIARACHCHI, Hiroshan; MEEGODA, Jay; RYU, Sohyeon. Organic Waste Buyback as a Viable Method to Enhance Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 15, n. 11, p. 2483, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112483 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112483...
; Kazuva; Zhang, 2019KAZUVA, Emmanuel; ZHANG, Jiquan. Analyzing Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Scenarios in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities in Developing Countries: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 16, n. 11, p. 2035, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112035 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112035...
; Behrooznia; Sharifi; Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, 2020BEHROOZNIA, Leyla; SHARIFI, Mohammad; HOSSEINZADEH-BANDBAFHA, Homa. Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of two scenarios for managing an organic fraction of municipal solid waste in Rasht-Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 268, 122217, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122217 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.1...
; Khamkeo, 2021KHAMKEO, T. Community based solid waste management at Beung Kiat Ngong Ramsar Site in Laos PDR. Dissertation (Mastering) – Maejo University, Maejo, 2021.) |