Mapping of erodibility and potential soil erosion in a hillside watershed

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to estimate the soil loss potential through the universal soil loss equation and to identify the factors that control the erosive process in a hillside watershed. Rainfall erosivity factor (R) was calculated through normal precipitation data, thus obtaining monthly erosion indexes. The soil erodibility factor (K) was obtained from a soil sampling in an irregular grid of 340 points, in which the values were interpolated by the ordinary kriging method. The topographic factor (LS) was generated from the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) and the use and management and conservationist practices factors (CP) through field observations and tabulated values. The highest loss rates cover around 27% of the area, and are concentrated in places with higher slopes where shallow soils such as Litolics Neosols and Regolithic Neosols predominate. The LS factor determined the magnitude of the erosive process and the CP factor showed the highest relation with the soil loss control. The results found show the importance of the cover-management factor, in which measures of vegetation maintenance and conservation practices should be adopted and considered by the environmental managers in hillside regions with predominance of shallow soils associated to slope relief.

Keywords:
universal soil loss equation; hillside soils, soil texture; complex topographic; conservationist practices