Quality of Life of Adolescents: development and Validation of an Instrument with Students from the Esporte Cidadão Project - Indaiatuba Sports Secretariat (Brazil)

Constantino, Maria Aparecida da Cruz; Peçanha, Liana Caron Nazareth; Giron, Jemima; Araújo, Giodésia Conceição Gomes de; Assumpção Junior, Francisco Baptista

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202441e210134

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Brasil

Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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THEORETICAL ARTICLE | Psychological Assessment • Estud. psicol. 41 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202441e210134 copy

Quality of Life of Adolescents: development and Validation of an Instrument with Students from the Esporte Cidadão Project - Indaiatuba Sports Secretariat (Brazil)

Qualidade de Vida de Adolescentes: desenvolvimento e validação de instrumento, com alunos do Projeto Esporte Cidadão - Secretaria de Esportes de Indaiatuba/São Paulo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

Adolescence is a crucial phase in human development, encompassing biological, psychological, and social aspects, representing a period of change and preparation for adulthood. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess the lifestyle of adolescents, based on biopsychosocial indicators.

Method

After theoretical development, the instrument was administered to 1,289 adolescents aged 12 to 17. Reliability and validity analyses were conducted using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and factor analysis.

Results

The instrument consisted of 51 items across the following dimensions: Eating Habits, Physical Activity, Sleep and Rest, Personal Well-being, Leisure and Entertainment, Stress Management, Preventive Behavior, and Social Relationships. The factor analysis, using loadings above 0.50, suggested the exclusion of 18 items, and the Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.802, indicating good internal consistency.

Conclusion

The final instrument comprised eight domains and 33 items, demonstrating satisfactory psychometric properties of reliability and validity, thus serving as an important research tool.

Keywords
Adolescents; Quality of life; Validation study

Item	Scale mean if item is excluded	Scale variance if item is excluded	Corrected item-total correlation	Cronbach’s alpha if an item is excluded
1.1	100.828	273.405	0.250	0.831
1.2	100.905	0.326	0.197	0.832
1.3	99.943	266.859	0.391	0.827
1.4	99.771	267.250	0.413	0.827
1.5	100.580	276.975	0.081	0.835
1.6	100.336	274.750	0.141	0.833
2.1	100.185	273.001	0.189	0.832
2.2	100.482	273.074	0.191	0.832
2.3	99.506	274.856	0.169	0.832
2.4	100.798	273.219	0.181	0.832
2.5	100.476	274.667	0.101	0.836
2.6	100.188	272.799	0.160	0.833
3.1	99.893	275.394	0.140	0.833
3.2	99.902	275.798	0.137	0.833
3.3	100.081	277.838	0.075	0.834
3.4	99.972	275.103	0.152	0.833
3.5	99.944	274.489	0.171	0.832
3.6	100.677	272.961	0.175	0.833
3.7	101.098	273.307	0.198	0.832
3.8	99.631	271.078	0.260	0.830
3.9	99.475	271.000	0.257	0.831
3.10	100.061	268.203	0.352	0.828
4.1	99.482	267.709	0.474	0.827
4.2	99.614	267.753	0.417	0.827
4.3	99.818	268.722	0.327	0.829
4.4	99.452	269.489	0.423	0.828
4.5	99.835	267.491	0.378	0.828
4.6	99.535	268.173	0.445	0.827
5.1	99.676	267.829	0.412	0.827
5.2	99.801	270.793	0.270	0.830
5.3	100.423	272.893	0.213	0.832
5.4	99.351	275.239	0.222	0.831
5.5	100.040	267.686	0.360	0.828
6.1	100.082	267.383	0.335	0.829
6.2	100.666	270.564	0.285	0.830
6.3	100.329	266.435	0.405	0.827
6.4	100.346	268.239	0.321	0.829
6.5	99.778	267.938	0.358	0.828
7.1	100.787	268.609	0.286	0.830
7.2	99.685	269.693	0.325	0.829
7.3	99.785	267.174	0.285	0.830
7.4	99.871	267.111	0.292	0.830
7.5	99.526	269.807	0.270	0.830
7.6	99.556	270.356	0.284	0.830
8.1	100.180	272.457	0.207	0.832
8.2	99.708	269.962	0.334	0.829
8.3	99.926	269.256	0.320	0.829
8.4	99.643	269.756	0.374	0.828
8.5	99.401	269.852	0.425	0.828
8.6	99.877	268.642	0.375	0.828
8.7	99.832	266.319	0.453	0.826
N (total items): 51			Cronbach’s alpha (total): 0.833

Factor	Initial Eigenvalues			Sums of Extraction of Squared Loadings			Rotated Sums of Squared Loadings
Factor	Eigenvalue	Variance (%)	Cumulative Variance (%)	Eigenvalue	Variance (%)	Cumulative Variance (%)	Eigenvalue	Variance (%)	Cumulative Variance (%)
1	6.554	12.850	12.850	6.554	12.850	12.850	3.489	6.842	6.842
2	2.808	5.506	18.357	2.808	5.506	18.357	2.896	5.678	12.520
3	2.634	5.165	23.521	2.634	5.165	23.521	2.288	4.486	17.006
4	2.234	4.381	27.902	2.234	4.381	27.902	2.256	4.423	21.430
5	1.945	3.814	31.716	1.945	3.814	31.716	2.248	4.409	25.838
6	1.706	3.345	35.061	1.706	3.345	35.061	2.044	4.009	29.847
7	1.542	3.024	38.086	1.542	3.024	38.086	1.989	3.901	33.748
8	1.513	2.967	41.053	1.513	2.967	41.053	1.986	3.894	37.641
9	1.336	2.620	43.673	1.336	2.620	43.673	1.847	3.621	41.262
10	1.232	2.415	46.089	1.232	2.415	46.089	1.628	3.192	44.454
11	1.198	2.349	48.438	1.198	2.349	48.438	1.396	2.737	47.192
12	1.117	2.191	50.629	1.117	2.191	50.629	1.269	2.488	49.679
13	1.097	2.150	52.779	1.097	2.150	52.779	1.237	2.426	52.105
14	1.035	2.029	54.808	1.035	2.029	54.808	1.232	2.416	54.521
15	1.011	1.983	56.791	1.011	1.983	56.791	1.158	2.271	56.791
16	0.995	1.950	58.742
17	0.952	1.866	60.608
18	0.928	1.819	62.427
19	0.911	1.787	64.214
20	0.877	1.719	65.933
21	0.837	1.641	67.574
22	0.831	1.629	69.202
23	0.788	1.545	70.747
24	0.782	1.534	72.281
25	0.768	1.506	73.787
26	0.766	1.503	75.290
27	0.734	1.439	76.729
28	0.703	1.379	78.108
29	0.679	1.332	79.440
30	0.673	1.319	80.759
31	0.659	1.293	82.051
32	0.645	1.265	83.316
33	0.620	1.216	84.531
34	0.603	1.183	85.714
35	0.584	1.144	86.859
36	0.583	1.143	88.002
37	0.565	1.107	89.109
38	0.561	1.100	90.209
39	0.551	1.080	91.289
40	0.545	1.069	92.358
41	0.525	1.030	93.388
42	0.514	1.008	94.396
43	0.491	0.963	95.358
44	0.456	0.894	96.253
45	0.450	0.883	97.136
46	0.441	0.865	98.001
47	0.336	0.658	98.659
48	0.281	0.551	99.210
49	0.211	0.413	99.623
50	0.148	0.291	99.913
51	0.044	0.087	100.000

Item	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Max
1.1	-0.039	-0.014	0.125	-0.168	-0.052	-0.027	-0.046	-0.067	-0.063	-0.065	-0.075	0.59	0.124	-0.001	-0.039	0.590
1.2	-0.037	-0.006	-0.067	-0.123	-0.063	-0.024	-0.082	-0.204	-0.007	0.191	-0.059	0.156	0.021	-0.039	-0.584	0.584
1.3	0.09	-0.015	-0.005	-0.163	-0.023	-0.095	0.155	-0.909	-0.054	0.01	-0.062	-0.027	0.087	-0.013	0.02	0.909
1.4	-0.093	-0.021	0.015	0.122	-0.043	-0.091	0.131	-0.924	-0.045	-0.047	-0.077	0.061	0.061	-0.014	0.142	0.924
1.5	-0.026	-0.008	-0.008	-0.082	-0.041	-0.117	-0.002	0.122	0.01	-0.016	-0.067	0.328	0.184	-0,523	-0.044	0.523
1.6	-0.036	-0.038	-0.008	0.01	-0.073	-0.075	0.156	-0.039	-0.025	0.111	-0.002	-0.042	0.739	-0.068	-0.042	0.739
2.1	-0.015	0.02	0.011	-0.039	-0.022	-0.008	-0.726	-0.049	-0.026	-0.003	-0.029	-0.069	0.116	-0.063	-0.014	0.726
2.2	-0.048	-0.057	-0.001	-0.023	-0.035	-0.046	-0.635	-0.029	0.111	-0.057	-0.053	-0.031	0.075	0.141	0.117	0.635
2.3	-0.045	-0.002	-0.045	-0.122	-0.055	-0.030	-0.307	0.116	-0.268	0.018	0.116	-0.303	0.105	-0.123	-0.178	0.307
2.4	-0.031	-0.016	-0.034	-0.031	-0.026	-0.005	-0.692	-0.106	-0.089	0.054	-0.001	-0.079	-0.011	0.141	-0.024	0.692
2.5	-0.063	-0.002	-0.017	-0.026	-0.040	0.113	-0.300	-0.046	0.126	-0.009	-0.028	-0.114	-0.065	-0.694	0.05	0.694
2.6	-0.038	-0.002	-0.019	-0.050	-0.027	-0.022	-0.483	0.165	-0.210	-0.044	0.05	-0.208	0.054	-0.473	-0.088	0.483
3.1	-0.005	-0.02	-0.031	-0.021	-0.033	-0.095	-0.076	0.216	0.157	-0.081	-0.044	-0.096	0.549	-0.03	-0.097	0.549
3.2	-0.004	-0.006	-0.024	-0.003	-0.005	-0.008	-0.048	-0.045	-0.759	-0.054	-0.047	-0.006	0.149	-0.035	-0.016	0.759
3.3	-0.012	-0.009	-0.005	-0.085	-0.041	0.082	0.041	-0.019	-0.726	-0.071	-0.029	-0.072	-0.094	-0.086	-0.014	0.726
3.4	-0.038	-0.032	-0.052	-0.028	-0.019	-0.061	-0.045	-0.052	-0.713	-0.064	-0.041	-0.032	0.094	0.223	0.02	0.713
3.5	0.05	-0.037	0.764	-0.013	-0.025	0.013	-0.032	-0.029	-0.046	-0.014	0.05	-0.075	-0.038	-0.003	-0.064	0.764
3.6	-0.088	-0.041	-0.021	0.03	-0.087	0.014	-0.001	-0.103	-0.007	-0.018	-0.806	-0.009	-0.064	0.009	-0.029	0.806
3.7	-0.014	-0.042	-0.009	-0.046	-0.026	0.17	-0.005	-0.007	-0.022	-0.084	-0.757	-0.097	0.029	-0.003	-0.087	0.757
3.8	0.112	-0.055	0.871	-0.023	-0.011	0.067	0.014	0-.008	-0.016	-0.009	-0.04	-0.086	0.012	0.011	-0.029	0.871
3.9	-0.063	0.03	-0.886	-0.049	-0.016	0.113	-0.007	-0.037	-0.003	-0.014	-0.048	-0.086	-0.006	-0.018	-0.024	0.886
3.10	-0.244	-0.048	-0.091	-0.383	-0.008	0.129	-0.045	0.118	-0.006	-0.082	0.101	-0.052	-0.153	-0.007	0.161	0.383
4.1	0.65	-0.078	-0.037	0.139	0.112	0.211	-0.013	-0.009	-0.001	-0.034	-0.091	0.015	0.103	-0.078	0.192	0.650
4.2	-0.722	-0.029	-0.032	-0.042	-0.055	0.062	-0.001	-0.053	0.021	-0.165	-0.075	0.128	-0.075	0.01	-0.281	0.722
4.3	-0.674	-0.042	-0.014	-0.050	0	0.048	-0.008	0.112	-0.064	-0.194	-0.026	0.150	-0.074	-0.039	-0.297	0.674
4.4	-0.670	0.08	-0.053	0.117	-0.075	-0.084	-0.065	-0.015	-0.008	0.11	-0.057	0.013	0.012	-0.002	-0.108	0.670
4.5	-0.613	-0.045	-0.063	0.142	-0.051	-0.034	-0.056	0.06	-0.022	-0.075	-0.049	-0.150	0.024	-0.064	0.32	0.613
4.6	-0.671	-0.077	0.05	0.189	0.125	-0.065	-0.057	0.016	-0.031	-0.038	-0.093	-0.072	0.019	-0.023	0.213	0.671
5.1	-0.182	-0.072	-0.097	0.513	-0.059	0.1	-0.054	0.121	-0.025	-0.312	-0.067	0.179	-0.056	-0.054	-0.055	0.513
5.2	-0.053	-0.016	-0.036	0.61	-0.093	0.085	-0.026	-0.057	-0.096	-0.016	-0.061	0	-0.053	-0.139	0.052	0.610
5.3	-0.122	-0.027	-0.104	-0.426	0.156	-0.056	-0.031	-0.085	-0.021	-0.015	-0.005	0.355	0.075	-0.007	0.157	0.426
5.4	-0.105	-0.059	-0.008	0.57	0.03	-0.087	-0.028	0.03	-0.064	-0.213	-0.041	-0.100	0.2	-0.026	-0.08	0.570
5.5	0.117	-0.035	-0.074	-0.563	-0.276	-0.067	-0.037	0.08	-0.039	-0.207	-0.018	0.122	0.007	0.04	-0.145	0.563
6.1	-0.041	-0.056	-0.005	-0.434	0.120	0.179	-0.002	-0.098	-0.031	-0.359	-0.077	-0.033	-0.134	0.173	-0.082	0.434
6.2	0.09	-0.036	-0.009	0.147	-0.076	-0.005	-0.082	-0.031	-0.025	-0.651	-0.062	-0.051	0.075	-0.145	0.325	0.651
6.3	0.134	-0.025	-0.031	0.123	-0.093	-0.483	-0.010	-0.099	-0.014	-0.419	-0.064	0.02	-0.007	-0.011	0.01	0.483
6.4	-0.272	-0.008	-0.005	-0.02	-0.031	0.195	-0.049	-0.007	-0.035	-0.644	-0.006	0.071	0.03	-0.067	-0.012	0.644
6.5	-0.361	-0.026	-0.068	-0.139	-0.004	0.371	-0.032	-0.05	-0.031	-0.128	-0.017	0.053	0.019	-0.029	0.193	0.371
7.1	0.04	-0.095	-0.031	-0.094	-0.014	0.45-	0.1110	-0.007	-0.055	-0.063	-0.053	0.495	-0.29	-0.054	0.252	0.495
7.2	-0.082	0.155	-0.018	-0.081	-0.003	-0.635	-0.006	-0.043	-0.029	-0.017	0.104	0.042	0.094	-0.023	-0.054	0.635
7.3	-0.035	-0.885	0.048	-0.049	-0.003	-0.020	-0.025	-0.006	-0.028	-0.077	0.06	0.019	-0.031	-0.012	-0.003	0.885
7.4	-0.047	0.88	0.081	-0.027	-0.014	0.010	-0.026	0	-0.025	-0.077	0.07	0.016	-0.026	-0.026	-0.004	0.880
7.5	-0.034	-0.867	-0.035	-0.071	-0.035	0.041	-0.012	-0.023	0	-0.016	-0.003	-0.030	0.024	-0.003	-0.035	0.867
7.6	0.115	-0.699	-0.036	-0.014	-0.068	-0.225	-0.062	-0.005	-0.027	-0.077	-0.035	-0.036	0.053	-0.052	-0.069	0.699
8.1	-0.010	-0.004	-0.010	-0.076	-0.775	-0.008	-0.005	-0.054	-0.009	-0.048	-0.029	-0.025	-0.016	-0.03	-0.049	0.775
8.2	0.115	0.06	-0.079	-0.353	-0.508	0.021	0.061	-0.034	-0.086	-0.037	-0.004	-0.085	-0.006	-0.022	-0.109	0.508
8.3	-0.091	-0.044	-0.048	-0.095	-0.738	-0.096	-0.002	-0.053	-0.001	-0.123	-0.049	-0.065	-0.057	-0.027	0.138	0.738
8.4	-0.233	-0.001	-0.054	-0.076	-0.655	0.243	-0.010	0.022	-0.003	-0.051	-0.02	-0.042	0.028	-0.02	-0.052	0.655
8.5	-0.474	-0.022	0.166	0.02	-0.206	0.410	-0.089	0.03	-0.016	0	-0.06	0.118	0.095	-0.079	0.061	0.474
8.6	-0.144	-0.031	0.121	-0.032	-0.239	0.512	-0.092	-0.089	-0.014	-0.186	0.15	-0.184	0.093	-0.027	-0.042	0.512
8.7	-0.201	-0.003	0.115	0.125	-0.302	-0.463	-0.091	0.119	-0.079	-0.146	0.029	-0.056	0.048	0.135	-0.004	0.463

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: M. A. C. CONSTANTINO. E-mail: macconstan@gmail.com.

LIFESTYLE refers to the set of habitual actions that reflect individuals’ attitudes and values. These actions greatly influence overall health and the quality of life of individuals. The items below represent characteristics of the lifestyle related to individual well-being. Please answer all the questions, considering the past 4 (four) weeks as a reference. Express your opinion about each statement, using a scale of 0 to 3, considering that the first response that comes to mind is the best one, for all alternatives. (0) Does not relate to your lifestyle at all. (1) Sometimes corresponds to your behavior. (2) Almost always true in your behavior. (3) The statement is always true in your daily life; it is part of your lifestyle.
1- Dimension: Eating Habits		0	1	2	3
1	You have at least four meals a day (breakfast, lunch, snack, and dinner) at regular times.
2	Do you drink plenty of water? (At least eight glasses per day)
2- Dimension: Physical Activity		0	1	2	3
1	In your daily life, do you usually walk or cycle for transportation?
2	Do you practice relaxation and stretching exercises?
3	Do you participate in Physical Education classes at school?
4	Do you engage in gentle physical activities (such as walking) 2 to 3 times a week, for more than 30 minutes in each session?
5	Do you engage in vigorous physical activities (such as running, soccer) 2 to 3 times a week, for more than 30 minutes in each session?
3- Dimension: Sleep and Rest		0	1	2	3
1	Do you wake up in the middle of the night?
2	Do you experience insomnia?
3	Do you use medication to sleep?
4- Dimension: Personal Well-being		0	1	2	3
1	Do you feel that your life has meaning?
2	Do you accept your physical appearance?
3	Are you satisfied with your body?
4	Are you satisfied with your way of being?
5	Do you have satisfaction in your romantic life?
6	Do you have positive feelings about your life?
5- Dimension: Leisure and Entertainment		0	1	2	3
1	Do you set aside time for leisure and entertainment?
2	Do you engage in a hobby among your activities (sports, music, reading, etc.)?
3	Do you go to the cinema, theater, shows, outings, etc., on a weekly basis?
4	Do you usually watch TV, listen to music, radio, etc., during the week?
5	Does your leisure time include gatherings with friends, group sports activities, participation in associations?
6- Dimension: Stress Management		0	1	2	3
1	Do you set aside time (at least 5 minutes) every day to relax?
2	Do you maintain a discussion without getting upset, even when contradicted?
3	Do you balance the time dedicated to studying with the time dedicated to leisure?
4	Do you consider yourself calm and stress-free?
7- Dimension: Preventive Behavior		0	1	2	3
1	Do you smoke?
2	Do you consume alcoholic beverages?
3	Are you aware of and avoid the harmful effects of drugs?
4	Are you informed and take preventive measures against sexually transmitted diseases?
8- Dimension: Social Relationships		0	1	2	3
1	Do you share your difficulties with close friends?
2	Do you frequently meet with your group of friends?
3	When faced with problems, do you reflect and have conversations with people who are good listeners?
4	Are you satisfied with the support you receive from your friends?