Child development: assessment of receptive and expressive language in preschoolers

Fernandes, Denise Maria Zaratini; Lima, Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202441e210045

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Sumário

RESEARCH REPORT | School and Educational Psychology • Estud. psicol. 41 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202441e210045 copy

Child development: assessment of receptive and expressive language in preschoolers

Desenvolvimento infantil: avaliação da linguagem receptiva e expressiva em pré-escolares

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

This study evaluated the receptive and expressive language of 221 preschoolers aged 2-5 years using an assessment of language development instrument.

Method

Quantitative research with statistical analysis carried out through descriptive percentages and non-parametric Chi-square and Fishers exact tests.

Results

One hundred and four (47.06%) children had alterations, 72 (32.58%) of mild degree, 18 (8.14%) of moderate degree and 14 (6.33%) of severe degree. In the mild degree there was predominance of 3 and4 years old children (38.89%), and the severe degree of 4 to 5 years (57.14%). There was a greater number of alterations in the expressive area of the language with 98 (44.34%) of the cases.

Conclusion

The results obtained means that evaluations with standardized instruments should be carried out in the school environment, enabling the guidance of parents and educators, minimizing negative impacts on child development and learning.

Keywords
Assessment; Child rearing; Language development

Age	Changes				Total	p-value
Age	Normal	Mild	Moderate	Severe	Total	p-value
Up to 3 years	20	7	1	2
	66.67	23.33	03.33	06.67	30
	17.09	09.72	05.56	14.29

3 to 4 years	34	28	6	2
	48.57	40	08.57	02.86	70
	29.06	38.89	33.33	14.29

4 to 5 years	22	25	4	8
	37.29	42.37	06.78	13.56	59
	18.80	34.72	22.22	57.14

>5	41	12	7	2
	66.13	19.35	011.29	03.23	62
	35.04	16.67	38.89	14.39
Total	117	72	18	14	221	0.0088^* * Fisher’s Exact Test.

Age	Receptive Language		Total	p-value
Age	Normal	Changed	Total	p-value
< 3 years	46	6	52
	29.68	09.09

3-4y	35	35	70
	22.58	53.03

4-5y	39	20	59
	25.16	30.30

> 5y	35	5	40
	22.58	07.58
Total	155	66	221	< 0.0001

Age	Expressive Language		Total	p-value
Age	Normal	Changed	Total	p-value
< 3 years	34	18	52
	27.64	18.37

3-4y	51	19	70
	41.46	19.39

4-5y	21	38	59
	17.07	38.78

> 5y	17	23	40
	13.82	23.47
Total	123	98	221	< 0.0001

Degree of change	Age group	Most difficult tasks	Example
Mild
Receptive Area	> 5 years	Understanding sentences in the passive voice; Quantity concepts.	LR 33: “Show the boy who was pushed by the girl”; LR34: “Show half of the orange”.
Expressive Area	3 to 4 years	Acquisition of the regular plural	LE24: “Here is one car, here are two?”
	4 to 5 years	Acquisition of the regular plural; Using adjectives to describe people and objects.	LE: “Here is one car, here are two?” LE28: “Take a good look at these girls, this girl is happy with her new and beautiful dress. And this one, how is she?”
	>5 years	Tell a story through comic figures.	LE 36: “This story is about a boy who wants to go to the football game with his father. Look at the comics and tell me a story”.
Moderate
Receptive Area	3 to 4 years	Understanding the personal pronoun; Make deductions and show the correct figure after listening to a story.	LR24: “Show the picture where she is crying” LR22: “If Tiago leaves the house he will be all wet. How’s the weather outside?”.
	>5 years	Passive voice; Quantity concepts.	LR 33: “Show the boy who was pushed by the girl”; LR34: “Joana cut an orange in half, show half the orange.”
Expressive Area	3 to 4 years	Regular Plural	LE24: “Here is one car, here are two?”
	>5 years	Use of the interrogative pronoun “when”; Tell a story through comics.	LE31: ”What do you do when you go to brush your teeth?” LE 36: “This story is about a boy who wants to go to the football game with his father. Look at the comics and tell me a story”.
Severe
Receptive Area	4 to 5 years	Color identification; Understanding nouns plus 2 adjectives; Quantity concepts.	LR28: “Look at these balls, show the red color ball”; LR31: “Show the furry white cat”; LR32: “Count the lollipops in each cup. Which of these cups has three lollipops?”.
Expressive Area	4 to 5 years	Memory for sentences; Respond correctly to requests; Use of the interrogative pronoun “when”.	LE26: Repeat the phrase: “Lucas trained well and won the game”; LE27: “Dog, cat and horse – they are all animals. Do you know what they are: train, doll, ball and cart? LE31:” What do you do when you go to brush your teeth?”

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: D. M. Z. FERNANDES. E-mail: denise_zaratini@yahoo.com.br.