Validity of the Developmental Index for the Zulliger Test in children and adolescents

Pereira, Larissa Silva; Resende, Ana Cristina; Tomazett, Ana Clara Mateus Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202441e210007

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Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)

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Research Report | Psychological Assessment • Estud. psicol. (Campinas) 41 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202441e210007 copy

Validity of the Developmental Index for the Zulliger Test in children and adolescents

Validade do Índice de Desenvolvimento para o Teste de Zulliger em crianças e adolescentes

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Psychological maturity can be comprehended as a multifaceted construct encompassing various psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive attributes. The aim of this study was to investigate evidence of validity of the Psychological Development Index for the Comprehensive System Zulliger Test.

Method:

The data analysis considered the Mann-Whitney test, Cohen's d, Spearman's correlation and the coefficient difference test. Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to verify the relationship between age and Developmental Index with a 253 children and adolescents between 7 and 14 years of age participated.

Results:

The results indicated evidence of concurrent criterion validity to Development Index, pointing out statistically significant differences between age groups.

Conclusion:

Regarding the evidence of convergent validity of the Development Index between the Zulliger Comprehensive System and the Rorschach Performance Assessment System tests, nothing can be proven. This study is limited by the age range of the sample, as well as the transposition of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System Development Index calculation to the Zulliger Comprehensive System.

Keywords:
Development; Child; Reproducibility of results; Psychological tests.

Variables	Meaning
F%	Level of complexity or psychological effort in coping with life's demands
FQ-% and FQo%	Accuracy of perception and understanding of the environment, influencing judgment and decision-making
m	Perception of states of mental tension and recognition of stressors present in the environment
T and V	Ability to capture subtleties and inconsistencies in the environment and interpersonal relationships
V and FD	Cognitive competence and the ability to withdraw and assess everyday situations from different perspectives
(r)	Information processing from the self
An + Sx	Concerns with adult issues such as physical and mental integrity, sex, gender and procreation
Art	Representation of emotional experiences through intellectual processes

Variables	N	DI-ZSC
Variables	N	M	SD	p*	d
Age
G1 (7-9)	88	14.91	3.22	0.002	0.403
G2 (10-14)	165	16.33	3.48
Sex
Female	129	15.45	3.36	0.106	0.204
Male	124	16.21	3.50
Type of school
Private	126	15.91	3.31	0.683	0.051
Public	127	15.73	3.60

Variables	r _s	95% CI	p
DI (RPAS and ZSC)	0.265	0.147; 0.387	< 0.001
F%	0.393	0.284; 0.492	< 0.001
m	0.173	0.051; 0.290	0.006
r	0.235	0.116; 0.348	< 0.001
SumT	-0.004	-0.127; 0.119	0.949
SumV	0.019	-0.104; 0.141	0.764
FD	-0.046	-0.168; 0.077	0.469
FQo%	0.134	0.011; 0.253	0.033
FQ-%	0.160	0.038; 0.277	0.011
An+Xy	0.175	0.053; 0.292	0.005
Art	0.041	-0.082; 0.163	0.519
Sx	-0.036	-0.158; 0.087	0.573

Variables	G1 (n = 88)			G2 (n = 165)			p*
Variables	r _s	95% CI	p	r _s	95% CI	p	p*
DI	0.218	0.110; 0.391	0.048	0.287	0.127; 0.409	< 0.001	0.290
F%	0.285	0.081; 0.466	0.006	0.432	0.299; 0.548	< 0.001	0.208
m	0.239	0.032; 0.427	0.025	0.128	-0.025; 0.275	0.101	0.389
r	0.406	0.215; 0.567	< 0.001	0.200	0.047; 0.340	0.011	0.085
SumT	0.004	-0.205; 0.213	0.971	-0.012	-0.148; 0.156	0.876	0.905
SumV	-0.111	-0.313; 0.100	0.304	0.139	-0.014; 0.285	0.075	0.060
FD	-0.181	-0.376; 0.029	0.092	-0.017	-0.169; 0.136	0.832	0.215
FQo%	0.169	-0.041; 0.365	0.115	0.098	-0.055; 0.247	0.212	0.589
FQ-%	0.183	-0.027; 0.377	0.088	0.145	-0.007; 0.291	0.064	0.772
An+Xy	0.069	-0.142; 0.274	0.225	0.236	-0.087; 0.375	0.002	0.200
Art	0.109	-0.042; 0.365	0.314	0.009	-0.143; 0.161	0.911	0.453
Sx	-0.034	-0.241; 0.176	0.754	-0.037	-0.188; 0.166	0.635	0.984

Variables	Female (n = 129)			Male (n = 124)			p*
Variables	r _s	95% CI	p	r _s	95% CI	p	p*
DI	0.278	0.159; 0.398;	0.001	0.224	0.114; 0.352;	0.012	0.325
F%	0.412	0.258; 0.545	< 0.001	0.365	0.202; 0.508	< 0.001	0.656
m	0.167	-0.006; 0.330	0.059	0.192	0.017; 0.356	0.032	0.842
r	0.306	0.141; 0.454	< 0.001	0.191	0.016; 0.355	0.033	0.337
SumT	-0.006	-0.178; 0.167	0.942	0.014	-0.162; 0.189	0.876	0.873
SumV	0.008	-0.165; 0.180	0.924	0.021	-0.155; 0.196	0.731	0.923
FD	-0.019	-0.191; 0.154	0.834	-0.070	-0.243; 0.107	0.438	0.483
FQo%	0.188	-0.016; 0.349	0.033	0.067	-0.110; 0.240	0.462	0.332
FQ-%	0.187	0.015; 0.348	0.034	0.142	-0.035; 0.310	0.117	0.719
An+Xy	0.170	-0.002; 0.333	0.055	0.180	0.004; 0.345	0.046	0.936
Art	-0.036	-0.207; 0.137	0.689	0.148	-0.029; 0.316	0.124	0.147
Sx	-0.039	-0.210; 0.134	0.657	-0.025	-0.200; 0.151	0.781	0.912

Variables	β	95% CI	β_p	SD	p
DI-RPAS
Age	0.12	0.02; 0.22	0.15	0.051	0.017
Sex	0.30	-0.14; 0.73	0.08	0.223	0.186
Intercept
F (p): 3.82 (p = 0.023)
R² = 0.051
DI-ZSC
Age	0.42	0.24; 0.60	0.28	0.089	< 0.001
Sex	0.77	-0.04; 1.57	0.11	0.401	0.063
Intercept
F (p): 12.43 (p < 0.001)
R² = 0.091

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to:
L. S. PEREIRA. E-mail: <larissa.spereira@outlook.com>