Leaf samples were collected from watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus) from 21 different fields in the state of Roraima from May/2003 to March/2004. The samples were sent to the Plant Virus Laboratory of the Federal University of Ceará, to be tested by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) against antisera specific to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus strain watermelon (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). The Elisa tests were processed using the universal conjugate, anti-imunoglobulim (IgG) from rabbit produced in goat, conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. All samples were also tested by double immunodifusion against antiserum specific to Squash mosaic virus (SqMV). The presence of PRSV-W was detected in 84.2% of the samples collected in May/2003, in 7.1% of the samples collected in December/2003 and 55,6% in March/2004. The presence of ZYMV was detected in 10.5% of the samples collected in May, in 21.4% in December/2003 and in 25.9% in March/2004. The WMV was detected only in eight of the samples collected in March/2004 (29.6%). These results confirm the world widespread dispersion of PRSV-W in cultivated cucurbit fields in Brazil and rise a concern about the ZYMV expansion, which has caused serious yield lost in other parts of the world.
