Downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis is one of the most important diseases of the melon (Cucumis melo) in the Northeast of Brazil, where more than 80% of national melon production is concentrated. Downy mildew epidemics are constantly occurring, causing severe losses in the production of melon fruits. The effect of the disease on the concentration of total soluble solids (TSS), an important measure of fruit quality, was determined under field conditions using a yellow, odorless type melon naturally infected with downy mildew. Variable intensities of the disease were obtained by varying cultivation periods and applications of recommended fungicides for the control of the disease (methyl thiophanate + chlorothalonil, metalaxyl + mancozeb and cupper oxiclhoride). The results revealed that increased severity of the disease leads to an accentuated reduction of TSS, causing losses up to 49%. Among the parameters used to estimate the effects of the disease, the area under the disease progress curve was the most efficient, mainly as disease pressure increased.
